By place Levant •
June 28 –
Battle of Ager Sanguinis: The Crusader army of the
Principality of Antioch under
Roger of Salerno is ambushed and annihilated near
Sarmada by the combined Muslim forces (20,000 men) of
Ilghazi, the
Artuqid ruler of
Aleppo. Muslim troops are sent to raid the suburbs of
Antioch and sack the port of
Saint Symeon. The Crusader fortresses at
Atarib,
Zardana,
Sarmin,
Ma'arrat al-Nu'man and
Kafr Tab are captured. Ilghazi makes a triumphant entry at Aleppo, Crusader prisoners are dragged in chains – where they are tortured to death in the streets. The massacre leads to the name of the battle,
Ager Sanguinis (or "the Field of Blood"). •
August 14 –
Battle of Hab: The Crusaders under King
Baldwin II of Jerusalem (supported by forces of
Pons, Count of Tripoli) defeat Ilghazi's army at
Ariha in
Syria. Baldwin manages to re-capture all of the Crusader castles and returns to Antioch in triumph. He stabilizes the frontiers and prevents Ilghazi from marching on Antioch.
Europe •
August 20 –
Battle of Brémule: King
Henry I of England defeats King
Louis VI ("the Fat") of
France and his 400 knights in
Normandy. A skirmish that begins with the French launching a fierce but disordered attack, and ends with the French turning tail. Louis agrees to make peace and formally recognizes
William Adelin as duke of Normandy.
England •
Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale, grants and confirms the church of
St. Hilda of
Middlesbrough to
Whitby. •
September 19 – A severe earthquake hits
Gloucestershire and
Warwickshire.
By topic Religion •
January 29 –
Pope Gelasius II dies in exile after a 1-year
pontificate at the
Abbey of Cluny. He is succeeded by
Callixtus II as the 162nd
pope of the
Catholic Church. • March –
Olegarius Bonestruga, archbishop of
Tarragona, preaches successfully a
Crusade against the
Moors in
Catalonia. •
Council of Reims: Callixtus II concludes peace with Henry I. There are 15 archbishops and over 200 bishops present. • Council of
Toulouse: The Catholic Church condemns the
Petrobrusian heresy.
Technology •
Zhu Yu, a Chinese historian, publishes his book
Pingzhou Table Talks, describing the earliest known use of
bulkheads to provide separate hull compartments in ships. Zhu Yu's book is also the first to report the use of a magnetic
compass for navigation at sea. (The first actual description, however, of the magnetic compass is by another Chinese writer
Shen Kuo in his
Dream Pool Essays, published in
1088.) • The
Two Towers in
Bologna are completed. == Births ==