MarketWest Riding Artillery
Company Profile

West Riding Artillery

The West Riding Artillery was formed as a group of volunteer units of the British Army in 1860. Its units later formed the divisional artillery of the West Riding Division of the Territorial Force in World War I and World War II. The West Riding Artillery's lineage is continued in a battery of today's Army Reserve

Volunteer Force
In 1859, as the United Kingdom feared invasion from the continent, the government reluctantly accepted the creation of many Rifle, Artillery and Engineer Volunteer Corps composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular British Army in time of need. The Secretary of State for War allowed the Artillery Volunteer Corps (AVCs) free access to guns and ammunition for practice. Most of the AVCs were formed in the coastal counties to man fixed coast defence guns but the following corps were raised in the inland West Riding of Yorkshire: • 1st (Leeds) Yorkshire (West Riding) AVC raised at Leeds on 2 August 1860; additional batteries were formed on 6 August and 1 November, and on 4 January 10 and 17 February 1862; there were eight batteries by the beginning of 1866 • 2nd (Bradford) Yorkshire (West Riding) AVC formed at Bradford on 10 October 1860; included batteries at Bowling and Heckmondwike3rd (York) Yorkshire (West Riding) AVC formed at York on 9 February 1861 • 4th (Sheffield) Yorkshire (West Riding) AVC formed with two batteries at Sheffield on 6 February 1861; additional batteries formed on 2 May 1861 (one) and 17 October 1862 (two); there were eight batteries by the beginning of 1866; its subtitle 'The Sheffield Artillery' was authorised in 1864 • 5th (Bowling) Yorkshire (West Riding) AVC formed from two batteries of the 2nd Corps (including one at Batley) on 1 March 1864; absorbed back into 2nd Corps in November 1874 The larger 1st and 4th West Riding AVCs remained independent. The West Riding AVCs began as coastal artillery armed with 32-pounder smoothbore muzzleloading guns. When the Volunteers were consolidated into larger units in 1880, the 1st Admin Brigade became the 2nd Yorkshire (West Riding) Artillery Volunteers on 16 March with the batteries distributed as follows: On 1 June 1899, all the Volunteer artillery units became part of the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) and with the abolition of the RA's divisional organisation on 1 January 1902, the West Riding units became the 1st, 2nd and 4th West Riding of Yorkshire RGA (Volunteers). ==Territorial Force==
Territorial Force
Haldane Reforms After the end of the Boer War in 1902, a review of the Army took place and a Royal Commission reported on the Militia and Volunteers. The War Office was concerned over the different standards of efficiency, but had to concede that this was in the hands of individual commanding officers. Lieutenant-Colonel Allen of the 4th West Riding RGA (V) was one of five Volunteer officers invited to sit on a committee under Lord Raglan to consider the difficulties of the new efficiency regulations. Eventually, the Secretary for War in the Liberal Government of 1905, Richard Haldane, was given the task of preparing legislation for reform. His Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 brought together the Volunteer and Yeomanry units to form the Territorial Force (TF), with the same home defence role as before, but, in addition, giving them the capability of acting as backup to the Regular Army if the need arose, with a full organisation of infantry divisions and mounted brigades, with supporting arms. In addition, the Act set up County Associations to help co-ordinate the work of the War Office and the new TF, and to recruit, house and administer the units. West Yorkshire Divisional Artillery The West Riding Territorial Association was responsible for the whole of the TF's West Riding Division, including its Divisional Artillery. The majority of TF artillery units transferred to the Royal Field Artillery (RFA), with a smaller number remaining as heavy artillery under the RGA. The heavy RGA battery at York was brought back from the East Riding Association, but the West Riding Association still needed to form some new units and subunits to complete the force, which was organised as follows: • Divisional Artillery HQ: Red House, Marygate, York • I West Riding Brigade, RFAfrom 1st West Riding RGA (V) • Brigade HQ: Fenton Street, Leeds • 1st West Riding Battery, Fenton Street • 2nd West Riding Battery, Bramley • 3rd West Riding Battery, Fenton Street • 1st West Riding Brigade Ammunition Column, Fenton Street • II West Riding Brigade, RFAfrom 2nd West Riding RGA (V) • Brigade HQ:Valley Parade, Bradford • 4th West Riding Battery, Valley Parade • 5th West Riding Battery, Skircoat Road, Halifax • 6th West Riding Battery, Artillery Street, Heckmondwike • 2nd West Riding Brigade Ammunition Column, Valley Parade • III West Riding Brigade, RFAfrom 4th West Riding RGA (V) • Brigade HQ: Norfolk Barracks, Sheffield • 7th–9th West Riding Batteries, Norfolk Barracks • 3rd West Riding Brigade Ammunition Column, Norfolk Barracks • IV West Riding (Howitzer) Brigade, RFA – ''new unit formed from part of 2nd Yorkshire (West Riding) Royal Engineers (V) and C Company, 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment'' • Brigade HQ: Nelson Street, Otley • 10th West Riding Battery, Otley • 11th West Riding Battery, East Parade, Ilkley • 4th West Riding Brigade Ammunition Column, Peel Place, BurleyWest Riding Heavy Battery, RGAfrom part of 1st East Riding RGA (V), originally 3rd West Riding AVC • Battery HQ: Lumley Barracks, Burton Stone Lane, York • Battery Ammunition Column, York Each RFA battery was equipped with four 15 pounder guns or four 5-inch howitzers as appropriate; the RGA heavy battery retained its 4.7-inch guns. With the change to the smaller guns, steam tractors were no longer required and the drill halls had to be adapted to accommodate horses. ==World War I==
World War I
. . Mobilisation During the Great War (1914–18), the West Riding brigades formed the divisional artillery for the 49th (West Riding) Division, going to France in 1915. Each formed a second line brigade (designated with a '2/' prefix) in the autumn of 1914, which then supported 62nd Division. In May 1916, all the TF RFA brigades were renumbered. 49th (WR) Division served on the Western Front from April 1915. It took part in the battles of Aubers Ridge (1915), the Somme (1916), the operations on the Flanders coast and the Battle of Poelcappelle (1917). In 1918 it fought through the Battle of the Lys and the final Hundred Days Offensive. It was demobilised in 1919. 62nd (2nd West Riding) Divisional Artillery 62nd (2nd West Riding) Divisional Artillery was organised as follows: • 2/I West Riding Bde – became CCCX (310) Bde • 2/II West Riding Bde – became CCCXI (311) Bde; left division to become an AFA brigade January 1917 • 2/III West Riding Bde – became CCCXII (312) Bde • 2/IV West Riding (H) Bde – broken up among 62nd Divisional Artillery May 1916 • 62nd (2nd West Riding) Divisional Ammunition Column – absorbed the BACs before embarking for France • 62nd (2nd West Riding) Trench Mortar Brigade • X/62, Y/62 Medium TMBs • Z/62 Medium TMB – broken up between X and Y 13–18 February 1918 • V/62 Heavy TMB – broken up 11 February 1918 After a long period of training hampered by lack of equipment, 62nd (2nd WR) Division served on the Western Front from January 1917. It followed the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line and took part in the subsequent actions. Later in the year it fought in the Battle of Cambrai. It was engaged in the German spring offensive of March 1918, and then through the Hundred Days Offensive. It was disbanded in 1919. ==Interwar period==
Interwar period
Following the War, the names of the Brigades reverted to their pre-war designations – 1st, 2nd and 3rd West Riding Brigades RFA when they were reformed in the reconstituted TF on 7 February 1920. The 4th West Riding Bde was not reformed: its batteries remained as howitzer batteries with the 1st and 2nd Brigades, while the former West Riding Royal Horse Artillery provided the fourth battery of the 3rd Brigade (from which it had emerged in 1908). In 1921, the TF was reorganised as the Territorial Army (TA) and the units were redesignated: • 69th (West Riding) Brigade, RFA • HQ, Leeds • 273rd (1st West Riding) Battery, Leeds • 274th (2nd West Riding) Battery, Bramley • 275th (3rd West Riding) Battery, Leeds • 276th (11th West Riding) (Howitzer) Battery, Ilkley • 70th (West Riding) Brigade, RFA • HQ, Bradford • 277th (4th West Riding) Battery, Bradford • 278th (5th West Riding) Battery, Halifax • 279th (6th West Riding) Battery, Bradford • 280th (10th West Riding) (Howitzer) Battery, Otley • 71st (West Riding) Brigade, RFA • HQ, Sheffield • 281st (7th West Riding) Battery, Sheffield • 282nd (8th West Riding) Battery, Sheffield • 283rd (9th West Riding) Battery, Sheffield • 284th (12th West Riding) (Howitzer) Battery, Rotherham The brigades once again provided the divisional artillery for 49th (WR) Division, which had also reformed in 1920. In 1924, the RFA and RGA were subsumed into the Royal Artillery (RA), and the word 'Field' was inserted into the titles of its brigades and batteries. In 1938, the RA modernised its nomenclature and a lieutenant-colonel's command was designated a 'regiment' rather than a 'brigade'; this applied to TA field brigades from 1 November 1938. Post-Munich The TA was doubled in size after the Munich Crisis, and regiments formed duplicates in 1939. Part of the reorganisation was that field regiments changed from four six-gun batteries to an establishment of two batteries, each of three four-gun troops. The West Riding Artillery reorganised as follows: First Line (49th (West Riding) Divisional Artillery) • 69th (West Riding) Field Regiment, RA • Regimental HQ (RHQ), Leeds • 273 (1st West Riding) Field Bty,Leeds • 274 (2nd West Riding) Field Bty, Bramley • 70th (West Riding) Field Regiment, RA • RHQ, Bradford • 277 (4th West Riding) Field Bty, Bradford • 279 (6th West Riding) Field Bty, Bradford • 71st (West Riding) Field Regiment, RA • RHQ, Sheffield • 281 (7th West Riding) Field Bty, Sheffield • 282 (8th West Riding) Field Bty, Sheffield Duplicate (46th Divisional Artillery) • 121st Field Regiment, RA • RHQ, Bramley • 275 (3rd West Riding) Field Bty, Leeds • 276 (11th West Riding) Field Bty, Ilkley • 122nd Field Regiment, RA • RHQ, Halifax • 278 (5th West Riding) Field Bty, Halifax • 280 (10th West Riding) Field Bty, Otley • 123rd Field Regiment, RA • RHQ, Sheffield • 283 (9th West Riding) Field Bty, Sheffield • 284 (12th West Riding) Field Bty, Rotherham (The duplicate regiments were authorised to adopt the '(West Riding)' subtitle on 17 February 1942.) ==World War II==
World War II
The 69th Field Regiment, as part of the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division, served in Iceland for two years and later, after their return to the United Kingdom, took part in the invasion of Normandy in June 1944, shortly after the D-Day landings of 6 June. Originally with the 69th Field Regiment in the 49th (West Riding) Division, the 70th Field Regiment was sent to France in 1940 as part of the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division. When the British Expeditionary Force had to withdraw, the 70th returned to the United Kingdom via Cherbourg with all their guns, vehicles and equipment intact. They were later transferred to 46th Infantry Division and fought with them in the Tunisia Campaign and later in Italy and the Greek Civil War. ==Postwar==
Postwar
An honour, unique at the time for a TA unit, was conferred upon the 70th on 5 September 1945. They were granted the Freedom of the City of Bradford. 269th and 270th (West Riding) Field Regiments RA (TA) were reconstituted in the TA in Leeds and Bradford respectively on New Year's Day 1947. Both units were equipped with the 25 pounder self propelled gun (the Sexton), and both became part of 49th (West Riding) Armoured Division. In 1956, they were re-equipped with 25 pounder (towed), familiar to so many. When Anti-Aircraft Command was abolished in the mid-fifties, 269th absorbed 321 (West Riding) HAA Regiment and the 270th absorbed 584 LAA Regiment RA (6th West Yorkshire) without changing their titles (although the 270th did move their HQ from Valley Parade to 584's barracks at Belle Vue, Bradford). Shortly afterwards, the 269th and 270th amalgamated with each other to form the 249th (The West Riding Artillery) Field Regiment RA(TA), with headquarters at Carlton Barracks in Leeds and batteries at Leeds, Bramley and Bradford. ==Footnotes==
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