World War II The
squadron was first organized as the
126th Observation Squadron in November 1940 as part of the build-up of the United States military after the
Fall of France. The 126th trained for
reconnaissance with the
Wisconsin National Guard. The squadron was called to active service in June 1941 and moved to
Hyannis Army Air Field, Massachusetts. After the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron performed
antisubmarine patrols off the
New England coast, using a variety of single engine observation aircraft. In October 1942, as two and four engine
bombers took over more of the antisubmarine mission, the squadron moved to
Birmingham Army Air Field, Alabama, where it was inactivated and its personnel dispersed to other units. In April, the unit converted to
North American F-86 Sabres and flew them until it was released from active duty and inactivated on 1 December 1952. The squadron was activated in the
Wisconsin Air National Guard the same day and began to equip with the earlier F-86A model of the Sabre. It continued its air defense mission though the 1950s, being upgraded to
radar equipped
Northrop F-89 Scorpion interceptors in 1954. Its initial equipment was the 20mm cannon armed F-89C, but in 1960 it upgraded to the F-89J, which was armed with the
AIR-2 Genie and equipped with
data link or interception control through the
Semi-Automatic Ground Environment system.
Air refueling The squadron was designated the
126th Air Refueling Squadron and, along with its parent group, equipped with
Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighters. The 126th was the first Air National Guard tanker unit to become fully operational. This occurred in December 1963. The squadron participated in a historic operation in a foreign land, when on 2 June 1967, members of the squadron and its support units deployed for a sustained period of time without being mustered into federal service. The 126th, along with four other Air National Guard refueling units, stationed a contingent of KC-97s at
Rhein-Main Air Base, West Germany. European deployments, designated Operation Creek Party, were destined to last for 10 years. In 1976, the squadron began conversion to the
Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers, a newer and faster jet tanker. On 4 October 1976, the 126th completed its first mission with the new aircraft and became fully operational with the KC-135 on 2 December 1977. In January 1979 the unit began a 24-hour-per-day
Strategic Air Command (SAC) alert commitment. This commitment would be maintained for the next 12 years until President
Bush ended the SAC alert in 1991. In 1982 the unit converted to a newer model of the Stratotanker, the KC-135E, with more fuel efficient turbofan engines. In April 1983 the 126th Air Refueling Squadron was involved in the Pacific Tanker Task Force, with flights to
Guam,
South Korea and Australia. In the spring of 1984 the unit participated in Operation Coronet Giant, an exercise which entailed a direct flight from the United States to West Germany by 12
Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II attack fighters, refueled along the way by three squadron KC-135s. The route spanned 3600 miles, and was the largest mission of this type undertaken by a National Guard force to date. On 21 March 1986 a unit aircraft departed
Fargo, North Dakota, with 40 civilian VIP's on board for
Tempelhof Central Airport in
West Berlin. This was the first Air National Guard flight transporting civilians outside the Continental United States, and was also the first KC-135 authorized to fly into West Berlin through the
Berlin Corridors. During
Operation Desert Shield, the squadron was partially activated on 20 December 1990. All aircraft, aircrews and a number of support personnel were dispatched to
Cairo West Air Base, Egypt between 27 and 29 December 1990. They became the basis for the 1706th Air Refueling Wing (Provisional). Other unit personnel were mobilized to replace troops sent forward or for other overseas destinations.
Post-Cold War era Three aircraft and 47 volunteer guard members departed for
Moron Air Base, Spain on 28 December 1992 in support of
Operation Restore Hope, a humanitarian mission to restore order and provide food and medical supplies to
Somalia. At Moron the planes became part of the Moron Tanker Task Force. Over 16 million pounds of fuel were unloaded during the deployment. During a 24 February 1994 trip to the
Azores the unit performed its first "roller mission." Steel rollers were placed on the floor of squadron aircraft making to facilitate loading and unloading cargo. The KC-135 always had a dual mission; refueling and transport, but this modification improved the KC-135's cargo handling capability. On this flight squadron aircraft refueled a
Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit stealth bomber and a
Boeing C-17 Globemaster III for the first time. During July 1996 squadron members deployed to
Pisa Airport, Italy for
Operation Decisive Endeavor, the American contribution to the
United Nations peace enforcement force in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Over 5,500 personnel from 13 NATO countries formed the Implementation Force (IFOR) air component. Unit members performed deployment rotations from 1 July to 3 August 1996. The 126th had the opportunity to work with tanker units from Mississippi and Nebraska, along with the
Italian Air Force. On 30 April 1999, the 126th Squadron was called to active duty due to the crisis in
Kosovo. President
Clinton authorized the call for 33,000 reserve personnel to be placed on active duty for up to 270 days. The squadron and elements of the
117th Air Refueling Wing of the Alabama Air National Guard deployed together to Europe to support
Operation Allied Force, the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization military operation against Serbian forces in Kosovo.
Global War on Terrorism Following the terrorist attacks on the United States the squadron was tasked to provide air refueling support for fighter
combat air patrols over major U.S. cities. Dubbed
Operation Noble Eagle (ONE), the 126th flew its first ONE mission on 12 September 2001. From September to December 2001, the squadron flew 64 sorties and offloaded over 100,000 pounds of fuel to 156 aircraft. The highest sortie rate occurred in November when fighter combat air patrols occurred every four hours over most of the major U.S. cities. In addition to supporting ONE, the 126th also provided support for
Operation Enduring Freedom, deploying aircraft and personnel to Spain to support combat air operations from late September 2001 until the spring of 2002. In 2004, it deployed eight aircraft and 204 personnel to
Istres-Le Tubé Air Base, France in support of
Operation Joint Forge, aimed at maintaining stability in Bosnia-Herzegovina. ==Lineage==