:
Stockholm Bloodbath January–March •
January 19 – King
Christian II of Denmark and
Norway defeats the Swedes, at
Lake Åsunden in
Sweden. The Swedish regent
Sten Sture the Younger is mortally wounded in the
Battle of Bogesund. He is rushed towards
Stockholm, in order to lead the fight against the Danes from there. •
February 3 – Swedish regent Sten Sture dies from his wounds leaving a vacancy on the throne that allows King
Christian II of Denmark to conquer Sweden within eight months. •
March 10 –
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk becomes England's new
Lord Deputy of Ireland •
March 31 – The
Magellan expedition, led by Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães), pauses in its attempt to sail around the world, stopping at
Puerto San Julian on the lower east coast of what is now
Patagonia in
Argentina. His fleet consists of Magellan's flagship,
Trinidad, and four other vessels,
Concepción,
Victoria,
San Antonio and
Santiago.
April–June •
April 2 –
Juan de Cartagena, formerly captain of the largest ship on the Magellan expedition,
San Antonio, escapes captivity from the
Victoria and begins a
mutiny against Ferdinand Magellan. He is joined by
Gaspar de Quesada, captain of the
Concepción, and
Luis de Mendoza, captain of the
Victoria. On the first day of the rebellion, under the pretense of delivering Magellan's letter of surrender to the
Victoria, several crew from the Magellan's flagship
Trinidad stab Mendoza to death, and the rest of the
Victoria crew seizes the mutineers. •
May 7 – The semi-independent
Duchy of Mecklenburg, in what is now
Germany, is partitioned into two duchies,
Mecklenburg-Schwerin and
Mecklenburg-Strelitz. •
May 22 – • The
Massacre in the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan takes place in Mexico after the Aztec Emperor
Moctezuma II is allowed by the Deputy Governor of New Spain,
Pedro de Alvarado, to host Aztec nobles at the Great Temple at
Tenochtitlan to celebrate the Feat of
Toxcatl in honor of the god
Tezcatlipoca. Alvarado uses the opportunity to kill more than 600 Aztec warriors and commanders, but spares Moctezuma. • The Magellan expedition loses its first ship as the caravel
Santiago is wrecked in a storm while sailing inland on Argentina's
Santa Cruz River •
June 7 – King
Henry VIII of England and King
Francis I of France meet at the famous
Field of the Cloth of Gold. •
June 10 –
Revolt of the Comuneros:
Segovia is blockaded. •
June 15 –
Pope Leo X issues the bull
Exsurge Domine (Arise O Lord), threatening
Martin Luther with excommunication, if he does not recant his position on indulgences and other Catholic doctrines. •
June 29 –
Moctezuma II,
Aztec ruler of
Tenochtitlan, is assassinated by other Aztec leaders as he attempts to address his people. His brother
Cuitláhuac rises to the throne.
July–September •
July 1 –
La Noche Triste (Night of Sorrow): The forces of
Cuitláhuac,
Aztec ruler of
Tenochtitlan, gain a major victory against the forces of
conquistador Hernán Cortés. This results in the death of about 400 conquistadors, and some 2,000 of their
Native American allies. However, Cortés and the most skilled of his men manage to escape and later regroup. •
July 7 –
Otumba near Lake Texcaco: The
Spaniards defeat the
Aztecs. •
August 11 –
Ferdinand Magellan maroons the two surviving people who had attempted a mutiny against him, Captain
Juan de Cartagena and Father Pedro Sánchez de la Reina, placing them on an island off of the coast of Argentina and providing them with a small supply of ship's biscuits and drinking water. Cartagena and Sanchez are never heard from again. •
August 24 – The French warrior
René of Savoy departs from
Marseille on his flagship,
Sainte Marie de Bonaventure on a four-month mission to protect the
Knights Hospitaller against an attack by the Ottoman Turks. •
August –
Martin Luther publishes
To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation. •
September 7 –
Christian II makes his triumphant entry into
Stockholm, which had surrendered to him a few days earlier. Sten Sture's widow
Christina Gyllenstierna, who has led the fight after Sten's death, and all other persons in the resistance against the Danes, are granted amnesty and are pardoned for their involvement in the resistance. •
September 22 –
Suleiman I succeeds his father
Selim I as
Sultan of the
Ottoman Empire. He is officially crowned on September 30 and will rule until 1566.
October–December •
October 21 (Feast of St. Ursula) – The islands of
Saint Pierre and Miquelon are discovered by
Portuguese explorer
João Álvares Fagundes, off
Newfoundland. He names them
Islands of the 11,000 Virgins, in honour of
Saint Ursula. •
October 23 – Charles V is crowned King of Germany in
Aachen. •
October 21 – The four remaining ships of the
Magellan expedition and their crews confirm that they have found the passage that will be named the
Strait of Magellan, the passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The crew of the
San Antonio, led by
Estêvão Gomes elects not to sail into strait and begins journeying back to Spain. •
November 1 – Christian II is crowned king of Sweden in
Nikolai Church. The coronation is followed by a three-day feast in
Stockholm. •
November 7 – At the end of the third day of Christian's coronation feast, several leading figures of the Swedish resistance against the Danish invasion are imprisoned, and tried for high treason. •
November 9–
Stockholm Bloodbath: The execution of 82 Swedish noblemen and clergymen, having been sentenced to death for their involvement in the Swedish resistance against the Danish invasion, is completed after two days of
beheading. •
November 25 –
Cuauhtémoc becomes the last Aztec Emperor after the death from
smallpox of the Emperor
Cuitláhuac, who reigned for only 80 days. •
November 28 – After navigating through the
strait at the southern end of South America, three ships under the command of
Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan reach the
Pacific Ocean. Magellan thankful to find a peaceful sea after the dangerous trip through the strait, names the body of water "El Mar Pacifico" because of its pacifying waters. becoming the first Europeans to sail from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific (the strait is later named the
Strait of Magellan). •
December 10 –
Martin Luther burns a copy of
The Book of Canon Law (see
Canon Law), and his copy of the Papal bull
Exsurge Domine.
Date unknown • The
Franciscan friar
Matteo Bassi is inspired to return to the primitive life of solitude and penance, as practiced by
St. Francis, giving rise to the
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. •
Duarte Barbosa returns to
Cananor. • Aleksandra Lisowska (
Roxelana) is given as a gift to
Suleiman I on the occasion of his accession to the throne. •
King Manuel I creates the public mail service of Portugal, the
Correio Público. == Births ==