The disease broke out in the capital
Constantinople in July 1812. It was initially mild, but by late August the situation had become critical. By September, around 2000 people were dying each day. In December the epidemic subsided, but it later reappeared. By the end of the epidemic, the
Ottoman government estimated that there were 320,955 deaths, which included 220,000 Turks, 40,800 Armenians, 32,000 Jews, 28,000 Greeks, 50 Aleppines, 80 islanders and 25 Franks. The outbreak spread throughout most of the empire's territory, In 1813, the plague reached the Ottoman vassal state of
Wallachia where it became known as
Caragea's plague after the country's ruler at the time. The epidemic killed about 25,000 to 30,000 people in
Bucharest alone. Around the same time, the plague was also present in
Bosnia, reaching
Dalmatia in 1815. In 1814–15 it reappeared in Egypt, Bosnia and
Albania. The plague also spread beyond the borders of the empire. In May 1812 there was an outbreak in
Poti, Georgia; in September the
Crimea was hit. It had reached
Odessa in August, where churches, the theatre and the exchange were closed. The
duke of Richelieu played an important role. On November 22, 1812, all 32,000 residents of Odessa were forcibly imprisoned in their homes. On 7 January 1813 no more cases were reported from Odessa and the town was reopened after 66 days, but no one was allowed to leave the city. The epidemic killed 2656 people in 1812; 24 people died in 1813. In March 1813, it was introduced to the
British-held island of Malta, causing
an epidemic which lasted until January 1814 and which killed around 4500 people. The epidemic spread from Malta to the nearby island of
Gozo, where the outbreak killed around 100 people between March and September 1814. The epidemic also broke out on the island of
Corfu in 1815. ==See also==