Government of Birmingham

of Birmingham, surveyed in 1831 for the Reform Act 1832 by Robert K. Dawson|thumb|right Most of Birmingham was historically a part of Warwickshire, though the modern city also includes villages and towns historically in Staffordshire or Worcestershire. Until the 1760s, Birmingham was administered by manorial and parish officials, most of whom served on a part-time and honorary basis. By the 1760s the population growth of Birmingham made this system completely inadequate, and salaried officials were needed. The Birmingham Improvement Act 1769 (9 Geo. 3. c. 83) created a body of "Commissioners of the Streets" who had powers to levy a rate for functions such as cleaning and street lighting. They were later given powers to provide policing and build public buildings. The Reform Act 1832 gave Birmingham its first representation in Parliament initially with only two MPs but this has been gradually expanded. in Moor Street in 1830, the first important government building in Birmingham|thumb|left Birmingham gained the status of a municipal borough in 1838 and gained its first elected town council which eventually took over the functions of the Street Commissioners. In 1889, it became a county borough (unitary authority) and a city. Greater Birmingham Scheme 1911 1911 saw a large expansion under the Greater Birmingham Scheme, with the addition of Aston Manor and Erdington from Warwickshire, Handsworth from Staffordshire, and Yardley Rural District and the greater part of King's Norton and Northfield from Worcestershire. Perry Barr in Staffordshire was added in 1928. In 1931, parts of the parishes of Minworth (including the area of Castle Vale, then known as Berwood), Castle Bromwich, Sheldon and a tiny part of Solihull were added. Birmingham was reconstituted on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a metropolitan district, which covered both the former county borough of Birmingham, and the municipal borough of Sutton Coldfield. ==Local government==

Birmingham City Council , seen from Victoria Square. Birmingham City Council is one of the largest local authorities in Europe with, following a reorganisation of boundaries in June 2004, 120 Birmingham City Councillors representing over one million people, in 40 wards. The council headquarters are at the Council House in the city centre. Birmingham City Council is responsible for running nearly all local services, with the exception of those run by joint boards as detailed below. The provision of certain services has in recent years been devolved to several Districts, which each have an area committee made up of councillors from that district. Council constituencies From 5 April 2004, responsibility and budgets for a number of services were devolved to 11 district committees, as part of a growing trend in the UK to use area committees for large councils. From 1 June 2006 the districts were reduced from 11 to 10 in order to correspond with the revised Westminster constituency boundaries, and renamed "council constituencies". Each now comprises four wards. The council constituencies are: • Edgbaston • Erdington • Hall Green • Hodge Hill • Ladywood • Northfield • Perry Barr • Selly Oak • Sutton Coldfield • Yardley Parishes There are two civil parishes in Birmingham; New Frankley and Sutton Coldfield, apart from these, most of the city is unparished. New Frankley parish was established in 2000 in an area transferred from Bromsgrove in 1995, and which had previously been part of the Frankley parish. Sutton Coldfield used to be a town and parish in its own right until 1974, when it was absorbed into Birmingham; the new parish of Sutton Coldfield was established in 2015, when the Sutton Coldfield Town Council was first elected. ==Regional government==

Birmingham was the seat of regional government for the West Midlands region of England as the home of the region's Government Office, the regional development agency Advantage West Midlands, and the West Midlands Regional Assembly. Since 2011, Birmingham has formed part of the Greater Birmingham & Solihull Local Enterprise Partnership along with neighbouring authorities Bromsgrove, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Redditch, Solihull, Tamworth, Wyre Forest. In November 2014, it was announced Birmingham was to create a combined authority with the four neighbouring boroughs of Dudley, Sandwell, Walsall and Wolverhampton. Coventry and Solihull later joined, making the entire West Midlands county involved. The West Midlands Combined Authority was formed in April 2016 in a bid to gain greater devolved powers from the government. The post of Mayor of West Midlands was created the following year. Joint county-wide services Some local services which cover Birmingham are run jointly with the six other authorities in the West Midlands county. These county wide services are: • West Midlands Police • West Midlands Fire Service • Transport for West Midlands, which oversees public transport. ==At Westminster==

Birmingham's first two members of parliament were Thomas Attwood and Joshua Scholefield who were elected when the town was enfranchised in 1832, following the Great Reform Act. Birmingham's ten parliamentary constituencies are represented in the House of Commons by two Conservative and eight Labour MPs. ==See also==