Market1923 Atlantic hurricane season
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1923 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1923 Atlantic hurricane season featured 11 tropical cyclones, 9 of which intensified into tropical storms, the most since 1916. Four of the tropical storms intensified into hurricanes, one of which reached major hurricane intensity—Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. No tropical storms or hurricanes formed in or entered the Caribbean Sea. The first known system, a tropical depression, formed on June 19, while the last known system, a tropical storm, transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 26. Additionally, an October tropical depression was previously recognized as a tropical storm until reanalysis in 2009, while the first and third tropical storms were added to the Atlantic hurricane database that year. The sixth, seven, and eight storms as well as the October tropical depression existed simultaneously on October 16.

Timeline
ImageSize = width:800 height:200 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/06/1923 till:01/12/1923 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/06/1923 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TD value:rgb(0.43,0.76,0.92) legend:Tropical_Depression_=_≤38_mph_(≤62_km/h) id:TS value:rgb(0.3,1,1) legend:Tropical_Storm_=_39–73_mph_(63–117_km/h) id:C1 value:rgb(1,1,0.85) legend:Category_1_=_74–95_mph_(118–153_km/h) id:C2 value:rgb(1,0.85,0.55) legend:Category_2_=_96–110_mph_(154–177_km/h) id:C3 value:rgb(1,0.62,0.35) legend:Category_3_=_111–129_mph_(178–208_km/h) id:C4 value:rgb(1,0.45,0.54) legend:Category_4_=_130–156_mph_(209–251_km/h) id:C5 value:rgb(0.55,0.46,0.90) legend:Category_5_=_≥157_mph_(≥252_km/h) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:19/06/1923 till:21/06/1923 color:TD text:"Depression" from:22/06/1923 till:28/06/1923 color:TS text:"One (TS)" from:01/09/1923 till:09/09/1923 color:C2 text:"Two (C2)" from:07/09/1923 till:11/09/1923 color:TS text:"Three (TS)" from:10/09/1923 till:13/09/1923 color:C1 text:"Four (C1)" from:24/09/1923 till:01/10/1923 color:C3 text:"Five (C3)" from:12/10/1923 till:17/10/1923 color:C1 text:"Six (C1)" barset:break from:15/10/1923 till:19/10/1923 color:TS text:"Seven (TS)" from:15/10/1923 till:21/10/1923 color:TD text:"Depression" from:16/10/1923 till:18/10/1923 color:TS text:"Eight (TS)" from:24/10/1923 till:26/10/1923 color:TS text:"Nine (TS)" bar:Month width:15 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/06/1923 till:01/07/1923 text:June from:01/07/1923 till:01/08/1923 text:July from:01/08/1923 till:01/09/1923 text:August from:01/09/1923 till:01/10/1923 text:September from:01/10/1923 till:01/11/1923 text:October from:01/11/1923 till:01/12/1923 text:November TextData = pos:(570,30) text:"(From the" pos:(617,30) text:"Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale)" == Systems ==
Systems
Tropical Storm One Early on June 22, a broad area of low pressure was observed in the Bay of Campeche where it intensified into a tropical depression later that day. It remained at that intensity for the next three days while drifting slowly northeastward, while its pressure continued to gradually fall. By late June 25 it had begun to become better organized and move more swiftly to the north-northeast as a tropical storm. The storm clipped the southeastern Louisiana coastline and made landfall as a minimal tropical storm over extreme southern Mississippi and Alabama on June 26. The system weakened into a tropical depression while over southeastern Alabama late on June 26. The cyclone turned in a more easterly direction under the influence of an extratropical low. This storm was first introduced to the Atlantic hurricane best track in a 2009 reanalysis of the season. Hurricane Two Around August 31, a low-pressure area formed along the tail end of a cold front extending from the Bahamas to Bermuda. Hurricane Five Late on September 24, a tropical wave developed into a tropical storm near Great Inagua Island in the Bahamas. The remnants of the storm brought wind gusts up to to Nova Scotia. Winds toppled trees and power, telegraph, and telephone lines throughout the province, while also leaving sporadic damage to structures. Heavy rains fell over the province, including a total of in Sydney. The resultant flooding inundated low-lying areas of the city with up to of water, submerging at least 40 homes and damaging bridges. Winds and floods caused significant damage to apple orchards, especially in Annapolis Valley. Damage in Nova Scotia alone exceeded $300,000. On Prince Edward Island, the storm damaged or destroyed 23 bridges, while winds toppled trees and knocked out communications. Winds caused mostly minor damage in Newfoundland, though rainfall washed out several roads and swept away many small bridges in the vicinity of Conception Bay. Nine deaths occurred in Newfoundland. Hurricane Six A tropical wave developed into a tropical storm in the eastern Pacific basin by October 12. Curving northeastward, the system soon re-strengthened into a tropical storm. Late on October 15, the storm reached hurricane intensity and peaked with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) early the next day. Around 06:00 UTC, the hurricane made landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana, at the same intensity. The system weakened to a tropical storm about six hours later. Now moving quickly north-northwestward, the storm fell to tropical depression status on October 17 and dissipated over Missouri shortly thereafter. The storm left little impact in Mexico. Mississippi experienced the highest storm surge, which peaked at approximately above mean low tide at Gulfport. In Alabama, an observation site in Mobile recorded wind gusts up to . The storm generated wind gusts up to in Pensacola, Florida. There, winds downed trees, telegraph, and electrical wires, and deroofed some homes, mainly those without fastened roofs. Mid-October tropical depression Considered a tropical storm until reanalysis in 2009, this tropical depression formed over the southwestern Caribbean around 00:00 UTC on October 15. The depression moved northwestward for about 24 hours, before decelerating and turning to the north. By October 17, the system began moving north-northeastward and passed near the Cayman Islands on the following day. The cyclone then struck Cuba on October 19 before emerging into the Atlantic. Early on October 20, the storm turned northward while situated just east of Andros Island and passed over or near several western Bahamian islands throughout the day. The system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by 12:00 UTC on October 21 about east of Daytona Beach, Florida. However, the extratropical remnants intensified, reaching sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) early on October 23 – equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane. Moving north-northwestward, the extratropical low struck Virginia near the southern end of the Delmarva Peninsula later that day. After entering Canada, the system curved east-northeastward over Quebec and crossed the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Newfoundland before re-emerging into the Atlantic on October 26. The low was last recorded to the east-southeast of the southern tip of Greenland on October 29, though historic weather maps suggest that the system may have persisted until November 2. Rough seas in Ocean City, Maryland, damaged a portion of a seawall and two cottages. Approximately 50 children at a school were sent home after a wave swept over a boardwalk adjacent to the same street as the school. Coastal flooding inundated the harbor-front section of Baltimore, with two blocks inland submerged. Heavy rainfall from the storm washed out the dirt shoulders of a newly completed state highway in Delaware. Along the coast, storm tides threatened to topple the Cape Henlopen Lighthouse. Rehoboth Beach lost significant amounts of sand, while a hotel and several cottages suffered coastal flooding damage. One person in Delaware died from exposure during the storm. In Pennsylvania, winds downed trees in and around Philadelphia, some of which blocked traffic after falling onto roads and other causing electrical outages after collapsing onto power lines. The remnants of the depression produced strong winds in New Jersey, with a gust of in Atlantic City. New York also experienced significant impact, especially in Brooklyn and Long Island. High winds downed numerous signs, telephone poles, and trees. A tree crashed onto a feed wire in Nassau County, leaving all of the county south of Roslyn without electricity. Heavy rainfall caused several head-on car accidents, while a pedestrian was run over and killed. The storm also capsized or wrecked many small boats and vessels and left many other watercraft missing. Waves washed away part of a portion of a seawall on Coney Island, while sections of Brooklyn experienced coastal flooding, particularly at Greenpoint. In Canada, the extratropical cyclone dropped up to of rainfall in Ontario. Montreal in the province of Quebec observed of precipitation. The heavy rainfall flooded the Wellington Street subway station with up to of water, delaying tramcar operations. Throughout the province, floodwaters damaged or destroyed about 60 bridges. Tropical Storm Seven Observations from ships first identified this tropical storm about northeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, early on October 15. Precipitation in New Hampshire resulted in slippery roads, which caused some minor car accidents. Tropical Storm Eight A tropical storm was first observed in the Bay of Campeche around 12:00 UTC on October 16. For a brief time on October 16, there were three tropical storms active in the Atlantic simultaneously. The storm tracked northeastward and progressively moved faster throughout its duration as a tropical cyclone. Late on October 17, the system peaked with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) while curving northward. Around 01:00 UTC on the following day, the storm made landfall near Mississippi City, Mississippi, at the same intensity. Although the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone just 11 hours later over western Tennessee, the extratropical low moved northeastward across the Midwestern United States and eastern Canada; it was last noted over Baffin Bay late on October 21. In Mexico, Salina Cruz observed sustained winds of . Other locations in Mexico reported only light winds. The highest measured sustained wind speed in the United States was at Pensacola, Florida. In Perdido Bay, waves smashed the schooner Bluefields into a reef, forcing the eight occupants to abandon ship and swim to shore. Four survived; the other four drowned. Rough seas in Lake Pontchartrain caused a barge to crash into a draw bridge spanning the Rigolets, shifting the bridge about from its foundation and forcing the Louisville and Nashville Railroad to suspend service between New Orleans and Gulfport, Mississippi. The storm produced heavy rains and relatively strong winds over portions of the Mississippi River Valley and Midwestern United States, with Toledo, Ohio, observing a sustained wind speed of . Tropical Storm Nine The season's final tropical cyclone was first observed by ships about northeast of Barbuda early on October 24. The storm initially moved slowly north-northwestward, before curving to the northwest on October 25. Early the next day, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). The cyclone then curved northward late on October 26 and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone approximately south of Bermuda. Other system On June 19, a weak tropical depression formed from the tail end of a dying cold front, north of western Bahamas and east of Florida. The tropical depression moved generally north after its formation. Failing to intensify further, it was absorbed by a stronger cold front sweeping down the East Coast of the United States on June 22. == See also ==
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