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1932 United States Olympic trials (track and field)

The 1932 United States Olympic trials for track and field were held on July 15 and July 16, 1932 and decided the United States team for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. The trials for men and women were held separately; men competed in Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California, while women competed in Dyche Stadium in Evanston, Illinois. Both meetings also served as the annual United States outdoor track and field championships. For the first time, only the top three athletes in each event qualified for the Olympics; until 1928, every nation had been allowed four entrants per event.

Organization
The American Olympic Committee (AOC) was responsible for the Olympic selections, while the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) controlled the national championships. This resulted in a controversy when AOC officials made a late change to the rules for field event qualifying (advancing eight athletes instead of five to the final rounds) without the approval of the AAU. Two athletes (Dick Barber in the long jump and Kenneth Churchill in the javelin throw) won their events after qualifying for the last rounds outside the top five; they were selected for the Olympics, but the AAU did not recognize them as national champions. For the next sixty years the men's Olympic trials and national championships were held separately; they only became a single meet again in 1992. For the first time, only the top three finishers at the final trials qualified for the Olympic team; up to 1928, each nation had been allowed four entrants per event. For the 4 × 100 meters relay and 4 × 400 meters relay, lower-placed athletes who had not qualified individually were selected; the top finishers from the 100 meters and 400 meters were only named to the relay pools as alternates to substitute in case of injury. Some events held as part of the national championships did not have Olympic qualifying status (due to those events not being contested at the Olympics), while some Olympic qualifying events were held separately from the trials proper and did not in all cases have national championship status. The marathon team was selected on the basis of three races (the top American finisher from each race qualified), while the 50 km race walk team was selected on the basis of two races. The decathlon team was selected on the basis of one competition, held in Evanston three weeks before the main trials; although held separately, it did double as a national championship. ==Men==
Men
The men's Olympic trials were held at Stanford Stadium on July 15 and July 16. In track events, hand timing was used as the primary timing method, while Gustavus Kirby's automatic timing device was used secondarily. Track Metcalfe, Tolan and Simpson qualified for the Olympics in both of the short sprints. Emmett Toppino and Frank Wykoff placed fourth and fifth in the 100 meters, while Bob Kiesel and Hec Dyer took fourth and fifth in the 200 meters; those four were named to the 4 × 100 meters relay. James Johnson, who placed sixth in both events, was suggested for the relay pool by team coach Lawson Robertson but not selected by the AOC. The athletes who placed fourth to seventh (Ed Ablowich, Ivan Fuqua, Arnold Adams and Karl Warner) were named to the 4 × 400 m relay team; Adams later injured his foot and withdrew from the team, and Carr was used as a substitute. Eddie Genung won his third consecutive national title in the 800 meters, defeating NCAA champion Hornbostel; the Americans went on to place fourth, fifth and sixth at the Olympics, but the absence of Eastman cost the United States an excellent medal chance. In the 5000 and 10,000 meters the American teams were relatively weak with the exception of Ralph Hill, who won his race easily; in Los Angeles he took a close silver in a controversial race, as Finland's world record holder Lauri Lehtinen obstructed Hill's attempts to pass him in the final straight. McCluskey's time in the 3000-meter steeplechase was an unofficial world best; the IAAF did not start ratifying official world records in the steeplechase until 1954. In the 110 m hurdles, the United States fielded an extremely strong team; Keller, Saling and Beard all set both official and unratified world records during their careers, as did the man in fourth, Johnny Morriss. The pole vault competition had the highest quality of any in the world yet; Graber broke both the amateur world record of Lee Barnes and the unofficial professional record of Charles Hoff, while Miller equaled the Barnes record. Four vaulters (Jefferson, Don Zimmerman, Fred Sturdy and Bud Deacon) cleared 13 ft  in; the third and final Olympic spot was decided by a jump-off, in which Jefferson prevailed. The United States dominated pole vault at the time; that the Americans only won gold (Miller) and bronze (Jefferson) at the Olympics was seen as a disappointment. Both Leo Sexton and Herman Brix, who placed fifth, had exceeded the shot put world record earlier in 1932 with throws of 52 ft  in (16.07 m); those records were never ratified, and Sexton's trials mark equaled the official world record, though it too went unratified. Sexton went on to win Olympic gold in Los Angeles and set an official world record after the Olympics, becoming the first man to reach 53 feet. Like long jump champion Barber, Kenneth Churchill in the javelin benefited from the AOC's rule change; he was only sixth after the qualifying rounds but came close to breaking James DeMers's American record in the final. The runner-up, Malcolm Metcalf, was recognized as AAU champion. Marathon selections were based on three races, including the Boston Marathon; the top American from each of the races (Henigan, Oldag and Michelsen) qualified for the Olympic team. Oldag was a German-born newcomer, and AOC officials had to verify that he had been naturalized and was eligible to represent the United States. Henigan and Michelsen were both returning Olympians. In the 50 km walk, selections were based on two races; the top two from New York (Crosbie and Chisholm) and the winner of Los Angeles (Hinkel) were named to the team, with Los Angeles runner-up Pecora as alternate. Other AAU championship events These non-Olympic events were contested in Stanford Stadium as part of the AAU national championships. McDonald, who placed third in the weight throw, was almost 54 years old; he had won the event at the 1920 Olympics when it was still part of the Olympic program, and was a multiple national champion. He won one more AAU title in 1933, becoming the oldest ever AAU champion. ==Women==
Women
The women's Olympic trials were held in Dyche Stadium on July 16. The star of the meet was Mildred "Babe" Didrikson, who won three of the five Olympic qualifying events and three of the five additional individual AAU events; she took part in all of the trials events, the only athlete ever to do so. Although some of Didrikson's marks were cited as "world records" in both contemporary and later sources, she did not set any official world records at the 1932 trials; some of her marks were superior to the listed world records, but inferior to still-pending marks by other athletes that were subsequently ratified. In the 80 m hurdles, Didrikson and Evelyne Hall almost dead-heated, but Didrikson was declared the winner; the same thing happened again at the Olympics. In the high jump, Didrikson and Jean Shiley tied for first, both setting a new American record. Nan Gindele had set a world record in the javelin four weeks before the trials, but failed to replicate that form at the trials; Didrikson won with a personal best. Other AAU championship events These events were not contested at the Olympics, but were part of the AAU national championships. Apart from the relay, the 50 yard and 220 yard dashes were the only events in the 1932 program in which Didrikson did not compete; she won all of the other AAU-only events, though she did not approach her baseball world best of 296 ft (90.22 m) from the 1931 championships. ==References==
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