1954 Sino-Indian Agreement

The background of the 1954 Agreement includes the Convention of Calcutta (between Britain and China, concerning Tibet), the Convention of Lhasa (between Britain and Tibet), the Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet, the Anglo-Russian Convention, Anglo Chinese trade regulations of 1908 and 1914, the McMahon Line agreement between Tibet and British Raj, the failure of the Tibetan appeal to the UN, the Seven Point Agreement 1951 (between China and the Ganden Phodrang government of Tibet), the Sino-India negotiations concerning Tibet, 1951 to 1953, and the Sino–India conference on Tibetan trade and intercourse, December 1953 to April 1954. The Chinese also objected to the mention of Demchok as one of the passes. According to Claude Arpi, the passes/routes mentioned by Delhi were: {{Quote|text={{Div col|colwidth=20em|content= • Tashigong, Gartok; • Spanggur Tso To Rudok; • Chiakang, Churkang, Ruksom; • Tashigong, Churkang, Ruksom; • Rudok, Ruksom, Rawang; • Bodpo La; • Shipki La; • Keobarang; • Shimdang; • Gumrang (Khimokul); • Tsang Chok La; • Muling La; • Mana Pass; • Niti Pass; • Tunjun La; • Marhi La; • Shalshal Pass; • Kungri Bingri Pass; • Darma Pass; • Lampiya Dhura (Lampiya Lekh); • Mangsha Dhura and • Lipulekh. == Summary of agreement ==