1968 movement in Turkey

After the victory of the Democrat Party in the 1950 Turkish general election and 1950 Turkish presidential election, Turkey experienced a decade of liberalization, urbanization, and industrialization, fueled by the party's liberal policies as well as the Marshall Plan. However, these liberal policies later shifted toward authoritarianism, which ultimately resulted in the 1960 Turkish coup d'état. . The constitution promulgated following the 1960 Turkish coup d'état, granted civil liberties and freedom of expression not previously guaranteed in Turkish constitutional history. It included checks on the accumulation of executive power, reformed the judiciary, extended labor rights, and encouraged a more pluralistic democratic framework compared with the previous constitution of 1924. The political atmosphere and institutional liberties brought by the coup saw the establishment of the Workers' Party of Turkey, which was the first legal communist party in Turkey since the Communist Party of Turkey, as well as the foundation of the DİSK, which was established following the 1961 Constitution and the trade union acts of 1964. DİSK was the first legal left-wing trade union confederation in Turkey. The institutionalization of the left also produced pluralization within Turkish society, particularly in universities, which heavily influenced the '68 movement as a student movement. == 1960–1968 ==