Market1981 Mississippi's 4th congressional district special election
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1981 Mississippi's 4th congressional district special election

A special election to determine the member of the United States House of Representatives for Mississippi's 4th congressional district was held on June 23, 1981, with a runoff held two weeks later on July 6. Democrat Wayne Dowdy defeated Republican Liles Williams in the runoff by 912 votes. Dowdy replaced Republican U.S. Representative Jon Hinson, who resigned from Congress following his arrest for engaging in sodomy.

Background
District and campaigns Mississippi's 4th congressional district was created in 1841, and had consistently been held by Democrats for over a century as part of the Solid South. Democrats held the 4th for 90 years since the end of Reconstruction, until the election of Republican Prentiss Walker in 1964 on the back of support from Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater. He admitted during an August 1980 press conference to both the charge and to being one of the survivors of the 1977 fire at Cinema Follies, a theater frequented by the LGBT community. Hinson decided to preempt his opponents from leaking the information and held the press conference, stating, "I am not, never have been, and never will be a homosexual. I am not a homosexual. I am not a bisexual." Even though a sizable majority of the electorate opposed Hinson, the Democratic nominee Britt Singletary and Leslie B. McLemore, an African American independent, evenly split the remaining vote between them and allowed Hinson to win. Hinson's vote share among white voters in the district dropped precipitously from his 1978 performance, which Mississippi reporter Bill Minor felt was "probably because of the homosexual questions." In 1981, Hinson was arrested by United States Capitol Police at the Library of Congress on the felony charge of committing oral sodomy. Congressman Hinson admitted himself to a Washington-area hospital "for professional care, counseling, and treatment" for a dissociative reaction, according to Hinson's administrative assistant. Hinson initially pleaded not guilty to a lesser misdemeanor charge of attempted sodomy. Hinson later changed his plea to "no contest" and received a 30-day suspended jail term along with a year's long probation, provided that he continued to seek medical treatment. In a March letter to Governor Winter, Hinson announced he would be resigning effective April 13, 1981. After Hinson's resignation, the election was scheduled for June 23, 1981. ==Candidates==
Candidates
Democratic PartyWayne Dowdy, Mayor of McComb • Ed Ellington, State Senator • Britt Singletary, 1980 Democratic Nominee for the 4th district • Michael Herring Republican Party • Liles Williams, businessman • Sarah Smith, inn owner • Robert Weems, former Ku Klux Klan leader Independent • Eddie McDaniel, former Ku Klux Klan member ==General election==
General election
in the Northeast and then covers the Southwest corner of the state. First round Campaign Mississippi Republicans decided to hold a convention to nominate one candidate, nervous that a wide field of Democrats could lock out their party from being in a runoff. They endorsed Liles Williams, a businessman from Clinton, at a nominating convention in April. The Democrats chose not to endorse a particular candidate in the first round. U.S. Senator Thad Cochran endorsed Williams two weeks out from Election Day. Labor groups in the district largely backed Democratic candidates: Wayne Dowdy was endorsed by the Mississippi AFL–CIO and both Dowdy and Britt Singletary were endorsed by the Mississippi Association of Educators. The extension of the Voting Rights Act was one of the main reasons why Dowdy made it through the first round. The Clarion-Ledger noted that Williams ran up respectable numbers in African American precincts and was in a strong position to gain the votes needed to win. Poll workers in Hinds County were instructed to ask for the numbers to help purge the voter rolls of inactive voters, but the County Election Commission failed to notify the public about the procedure. Williams was seen as the favorite to win the runoff. Williams ran his campaign sticking closely to President Ronald Reagan's policies – the 4th district had backed Reagan in the 1980 presidential election. Dowdy opposed the Reagan administration's tax cuts, specifically citing its cuts to Social Security and education. Letters bearing Reagan's signature were sent to 85,000 of the district's Republicans to support Williams. President Reagan made a phone call that was piped through to a Republican rally. Addressing a cheering crowd, Reagan told Williams "We're waiting for you up here and need your help." Dowdy criticized Williams as a "rubber stamp" for President Reagan's policies, although Dowdy avoided directly criticizing Reagan himself throughout the campaign. Dowdy instead focused on local issues and couched criticism of Reagan through that lens. Another key point in the campaign was the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which Dowdy publicly supported keeping. In the final stretch of the campaign, Williams continued his fundraising advantage. The Clarion-Ledger and The Jackson Daily News both endorsed Williams in the closing stretch of the runoff. On Election Day, voters were generally not asked for their social security number as they had been in the primary, although some voters in Hinds County were still asked for their numbers. Results In what reporters considered an upset, Wayne Dowdy won a narrow election by just 912 votes. Dowdy credited African American voters for his win, saying they were "very, very helpful". Speculation that some of Senator Ed Ellington's vote in Hinds County would shift to Williams in a runoff ended up not coming to fruition. Dowdy denied that his victory was a plebiscite on President Reagan's policies, saying that it was a "vote between two candidates" and pushed back on his race's national implications. Dowdy explained that their campaign went to "great lengths not to run against [President Reagan]." The Chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee Tony Coelho called the victory a repudiation of "the idea of a Solid South for Reagan." Republicans publicly attributed Williams's loss to the challenges created by Hinson's scandals. The Washington Post reported, however, that Republicans in DC were concerned about the implications of losing a conservative House seat for the 1982 midterm elections. ==Aftermath==
Aftermath
Liles Williams announced his candidacy in 1982 to face Congressman Dowdy in a rematch from their special election matchup. Unlike in the special where Williams was the heavy favorite, Congressman Dowdy was viewed as the stronger contender for re-election while Reagan's numbers sagged nationally. Dowdy was able to fend off both Williams and an independent African American challenger and comfortably won re-election by over 11,000 votes. Dowdy continued to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives until he decided to run for the open U.S. Senate seat in 1988 and lost to Congressman Trent Lott. ==Notes==
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