The Hong Kong government's assumed the
two-seat constituencies would produce a mixture of liberal, rural conservative and business representatives as well as some members of the "
United Front" organisations which supported by Beijing, as the voters would cast their ballots for prominent individuals rather than a "party" label. However, the two-seat and two-vote system benefited the pro-democracy coalition in the end. The election was largely affected by the events in May and June 1989 in China when the
Tiananmen Square protest was bloodily cracked down by the Beijing government. The events sparked the great fear among the Hong Kong population who closely concerned or enthusiastically supported the student movement. The pro-democracy groups supported the student protests by forming the
Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China in May 1989. After the crackdown, the liberal leaders,
Martin Lee and
Szeto Wah had been labelled as "subversives" by the Beijing government and expelled form the
Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee. In 1990, members of the three major pro-democracy groups, the
Meeting Point, the
Hong Kong Affairs Society and the
Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood came together under the banner of the
United Democrats of Hong Kong, which self-proclaimed as the first political party in Hong Kong. The pro-democracy liberals won a landslide in the geographical constituency direct elections. The United Democrats led by Martin Lee became the largest party, by winning 12 of the 18 seats in the geographical constituencies. Two other seats went to its ally Meeting Point headed by
Anthony Cheung.
Frederick Fung, Chairman of the ADPL won a seat in
Kowloon West. Of the remaining seats, one went to a liberal independent
Emily Lau, one to an independent incumbent
Andrew Wong and the other to an incumbent rural conservative
Tai Chin-wah. The conservative
Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong, newly founded in 1990 mainly by business and professional groups favouring collaboration with Beijing, polled only 5.1% of the vote. None of its candidates were elected in the direct elections. The
pro-Beijing "united front" organisations received only 7.9% of the vote and were also very easily defeated.
Chan Yuen-han, the
Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) candidate in
Kowloon Central polled about 11,000 votes fewer than the second place United Democrat, Dr.
Conrad Lam and was about 23,000 votes behind the winner, United Democrat
Lau Chin-shek. In
Island East,
Cheng Kai-nam who had the support of a pro-Beijing group, Hong Kong Citizen Forum, polled 29,902 against the United Democrats' leader Martin Lee, who received 76,831 votes. The advantage of the liberals was balanced with the functional constituency indirectly elected by the limited electorates of the business and professional sectors as well as the appointed members by the government. the
Chief Secretary Sir
David Ford said on television that the elections should be seen in the context of a 50% registration rate, of whom perhaps only 50% might turn out at the polls therefore the majority who were not represented would be reserved by appointing members who might be thought to represent those who had not registered or had not voted. ==General results==