1992 Mongolian parliamentary election

Fall of communism The MPRP was the sole legal ruling party of the Mongolian People's Republic since the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. Following mass pro-democracy demonstrations organized by the Mongolian Democratic Union (MDU) in late 1989 and early 1990, the General Secretary of the MPRP, Jambyn Batmönkh, and other politburo leaders announced their resignation in March 1990, paving the way for democratic change in Mongolia. Economist Dashiin Byambasüren (MPRP) was appointed the next prime minister on 11 September, along with the president and the vice president. Despite the MPRP's majority, Byambasüren established a grand coalition government with the opposition MDP and the MNPP in September 1990. The chairman of the MNPP, Davaadorjiin Ganbold, became the First Deputy Prime Minister, while deputy chairman of the MDP, Dambiin Dorligjav, became Deputy Prime Minister. In April 1991, political developments within the MDU, Mongolia's largest non-governmental pro-democracy organization, led Sanjaasürengiin Zorig, a key leader of the 1990 revolution, to resign from his positions in the MDU. He also left the MDP to establish the Republican Party () in June 1991. Later in February 1992, his party merged with the Free Labour Party and factions of the MDU In January 1992, a new constitution was ratified, which renamed the country Mongolia and established a unicameral legislature, the State Great Khural, which was to be elected in the next election. == Electoral system ==

According to the new Law on Elections, the 76 members of the State Great Khural were to be elected from multi-member constituencies organized 70 days before polling day. For the June 28 election, the country was divided into 26 electoral districts, which had a varying number of elected winners (2 to 4). With the addition of Article 35, Section 2 of the election law (which requires each voter to cast votes equal to the number of eligible seats in their district), the elections were to be conducted under a multi-member majoritarian system. The new electoral law also stated that the election results of electoral districts that didn't meet the 50% turnout benchmark were to be invalidated, and any vacancy seats created in parliament would be filled by the next highest vote winner in the June election. Due to the lack of opposition organization and party structure, a delegation from the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) found that the MPRP was overwhelmingly favoured by the majoritarian system. == Contesting parties ==

The new electoral law and implementation of a majoritarian system raised concerns within the Mongolian opposition. == Campaign ==

Polling was conducted during an ongoing economic crisis, marked by high inflation, unemployment, raw material scarcity, and food shortages. During the campaign, the three-party opposition coalition complained of its restricted access to the mass media compared to the MPRP and underlined the recently disastrous management that had led to economic disruptions. ==Results==

The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party achieved a supermajority of 70 seats (92% of the total seats), despite receiving around 50% of the total constituency vote. The primary opposition coalition, between the Mongolian Democratic Party, the Mongolian National Progress Party, and the Mongolian United Party, won 4 seats in the State Great Khural. The Mongolian Social Democratic Party and an independent politician in Govi-Altai Province each won a single seat.{{Election results Results by constituency == Aftermath ==

The three parties of the Democratic Alliance, the MDP, the MNPP, and the MUP, announced their decision to unite into a single party shortly after the election results on 30 June 1992. The same day, during a joint nine-party opposition press conference, the parties highlighted vote splitting and different portions of representation, stating that the MPRP (with 90% parliamentary representation) received 50% of the total vote, while the other half was distributed among the many parties. On 5 December 1993, the Mongolian Party for Independence, the Mongolian United Party of Herdsman and Farmers, and the Mongolian United Party of Private Owners merged to form the Mongolian Traditional United Party, a right-wing nationalist party. Badamdorjiin Batkhishig, the deputy chairman of the MPRP's Central Committee, stated that the party was not celebrating its landslide victory due to Mongolia's dire economic situation. He formed an all-MPRP cabinet, which served its full four-year term. ==References==