Elections in Estonia

Residents without Estonian citizenship may not elect the Riigikogu (the national parliament). Residents without citizenship of any European Union member state may not elect the European Parliament nor municipal councils. Foreign citizens were eligible to vote in the local (municipal) elections in Estonia up until 2025, last eligible elections being 2021 municipal elections. Stateless residents, or so-called “non-citizens” holding Estonian alien's passport are eligible to vote up until 2025 municipal elections, but not after. Electronic voting is based on the Estonian ID card. Every voter has the right to verify and change their vote electronically. If the voter has also voted with a ballot paper, then only the ballot paper will be taken into account. == Latest parliamentary election ==

• European Parliament election, 2004 • European Parliament election, 2009 • European Parliament election, 2014 • European Parliament election, 2019 • European Parliament election, 2024 ==Referendums==

The Constitution of Estonia gives the Parliament of Estonia the power to submit a bill or other national issue to a referendum (article 105 of the Constitution). The result of the vote is binding. If a bill which is submitted to a referendum does not receive a majority of votes in favour, the President of the Republic shall declare extraordinary elections to the Parliament. There are some issues which cannot be submitted to the referendum: issues regarding the budget, taxation, financial obligations of the state, ratification and denunciation of international treaties, the declaration or termination of a state of emergency, or national defence (article 105 of the Constitution). Some parts of the Constitution (chapters "General Provisions" and "Amendment of the Constitution") can be amended only by a referendum (article 162 of the Constitution). The rest of Constitution can be amended either by • a referendum; • two successive memberships of the Parliament; • the Parliament, as a matter of urgency (article 163 of the Constitution). A three-fifths majority of the membership of the Parliament is required to submit a bill to amend the Constitution to a referendum (article 164 of the Constitution). A referendum was called by the Parliament of Estonia on 2 occasions since Estonia regained independence from the USSR. • a referendum on a new constitution and citizenship in 1992 • Estonian European Union membership referendum in 2003 Also, there was a referendum on the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991 while Estonia was still under Soviet occupation. ==See also==