1998 Philippine Senate election

Philippine Senate elections are via pluraity block voting, with the entire country as an at-large "district". Each voter has 12 votes, and can vote for up to 12 candidates. Seats up were for the 1st to 12th placed candidates in 1992. ==Candidates==

The two major presidential candidates, House Speaker Jose C. de Venecia Jr. of Lakas—NUCD—UMDP and Vice President Joseph E. Estrada of LAMMP presented full 12-person senatorial slates. Former National Defense Secretary Renato de Villa's Partido ng Demokratikong Reporma, Santiago Dumlao's Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago, and Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim's Liberal Party also presented senatorial slates. Oliver Lozano was the sole independent not included in senatorial slates who was allowed to run. Administration coalition Primary opposition coalition Other opposition coalitions Independents ==Retiring and term limited incumbents==

• Heherson Alvarez (LDP), term limited, ran for representative from Isabela's 4th district and won; ran for senator in 2004 and lost • Edgardo Angara (LDP), term limited, ran for Vice President of the Philippines and lost; ran for senator in 2001 and won • Neptali Gonzales (LDP), term limited, retired from politics • Ernesto Herrera (LDP), term limited, ran for representative from Bohol's 1st district and won; ran for senator in 2001 and in 2004 and lost both times • Ernesto Maceda (NPC), term limited, ran for mayor of Manila and lost; ran for senator in 2004 and lost • Orlando S. Mercado (LDP), term limited, was subsequently appointed as Secretary of National Defense; ran for senator in 2001 and in 2004 and lost both times • Alberto Romulo (LDP), term limited • Leticia Ramos-Shahani (Lakas), term limited, retired from politics Incumbents running elsewhere These all won in the 1995 election, and if lost, would have still returned to finish their six-year Senate term. • Miriam Defensor Santiago (PRP), ran for President of the Philippines and lost • Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas), ran for Vice President of the Philippines and won • Raul Roco (Aksyon), ran for President of the Philippines and lost • Francisco Tatad (GAD), ran for Vice President of the Philippines and lost Arroyo's victory in the vice presidential election meant that she would vacate her Senate seat by June 30, 1998. == Results ==

The Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP) won seven seats, while the Lakas-NUCD won five. Three incumbents, all from LAMMP, successfully defended their seats: Blas Ople, Ramon Revilla Sr., and Tito Sotto. There are five neophyte senators: Rene Cayetano, Loren Legarda, and Robert Barbers of Lakas, and Robert Jaworski and Tessie Aquino-Oreta of LAMMP. Returning senators are Rodolfo Biazon, John Henry Osmeña, and Aquilino Pimentel Jr. of LAMMP, and Teofisto Guingona, Jr. of Lakas. Freddie Webb was the sole incumbent defeated. The election of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as Vice President of the Philippines in a concurrent election meant that her Senate seat was vacant until June 30, 2001. Key: • ‡ Seats up • + Gained by a party from another party • √ Held by the incumbent • * Held by the same party with a new senator • ^ Vacancy Per candidate Per coalition Per party == Defeated incumbents ==

• Freddie Webb (LDP/LAMMP), ran as House representative from Pasay in 2001 and lost ==See also==