In 1998, Georgia Congressman
Bob Barr successfully blocked implementation of Initiative 59 – the "Legalization of Marijuana for Medical Treatment Initiative of 1998" – which would have legalized medical marijuana in Washington, D.C. The "Barr Amendment" to the 1999
Omnibus spending bill not only blocked implementation of Initiative 59, but also prohibited the vote tally from even being released. Nearly a year passed before a lawsuit filed by the
American Civil Liberties Union eventually revealed the initiative had received 69% of the vote. In response to the judge's ruling, Barr attached another "Barr Amendment" to the 2000
Omnibus spending bill that overturned Initiative 59 outright. The Barr Amendment also prohibited future laws that would "decrease the penalties for marijuana or other
Schedule I drugs" in Washington, D.C. This preemptively blocked future attempts by
Marijuana Policy Project (MPP) to reform marijuana laws in DC via the initiative process. Barr criticized the ruling, arguing the court had ignored Congress' constitutional right to pass laws protecting citizens from "dangerous and addictive narcotics." reinstating the Barr Amendment just in time to thwart MPP's initiative 63 – "The Medical Marijuana Initiative of 2002" – which had already qualified for the November 2002 ballot. In 2009, both the
United States Senate and
House of Representatives voted to lift the ban against a medical marijuana initiative, effectively overturning the Barr Amendment. ==Initiative 71 and legalization of recreational cannabis==