Every local government unit, be it a
province,
city,
municipality or a
barangay elects a chief executive (a governor, city mayor, municipal mayor and barangay chairman, respectively), and a local legislature (the
Sangguniang Panlalawigan,
Sangguniang Panlungsod,
Sangguniang Bayan and
Sangguniang Barangay, respectively), president upon by the chief executive's deputy (vice-governor, city vice-mayor, and municipal vice-mayor, respectively; no equivalent for the barangay where the barangay chairman presides the Sangguniang Barangay).
Chief executive Provincial governors and vice governors in each of the 81
provinces, and mayor and vice mayor in each of the 145
cities and 1,489
municipalities are elected via the
first-past-the-post system.
Legislatures For the membership in local legislatures the elections are done via
plurality-at-large voting. For
Sangguniang Panlalawigan seats, the
Commission on Elections divides all provinces into at least 2 districts, if it is not divided into such, while for
Sangguniang Panlungsod seats, the appropriation depends on the city charter (some are divided into districts, while others elect all councilors
at-large), and for
Sangguniang Bayan seats, all municipalities have eight councilors elected
at-large, except for
Pateros, which elects twelve, six in each district. Winners in this election will have their terms start on June 30, 2019, and end on June 30, 2022.
Ex officio and reserved seats The city or municipal presidents of the
Liga ng mga Barangay (ABC, for its old name Association of
Barangay Captains) and
Sangguniang Kabataan (SK; youth councils) sit as ex officio members of the
Sangguniang Bayan or
Sangguniang Panlungsod of which its
barangay is a part of. For the
Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the provincial presidents of the ABC and SK, along with the provincial presidents of the
Philippine Councilors League (PCL) sit as its ex officio members. Some legislatures have a
reserved seat for indigenous people, called the "indigenous people mandatory representation (IPMR)". These are not indicated in the national totals. When the legislatures elected in 2019 first convened, the ABC and SK presidents elected
in 2018 were still serving, and will serve until
January 1, 2023.
Barangay elections are
nonpartisan. People selected as IPMR serve for three years. These selections are done by the
indigenous people themselves under the supervision of the
National Commission on Indigenous People. The terms are not usually aligned with local or barangay elections. Ex officio members and IPMR are accorded full voting rights and privileges accorded to regularly elected members of each legislature. ==Participating parties==