Economic and financial A month after the pandemic arrived in Quebec, the Minister of Finance, Éric Girard, predicted a budget deficit of between $10 and $15 billion for the year 2020. These figures were based on the assumption that 40% of the Quebec economy would be put on pause for a period of eight weeks while health spending increased. However, the Quebec economy proved more resilient than expected; after revisions, the 2020 year saw a deficit of $4.2 billion, representing about 1% of GDP, and a real GDP contraction of 5.3%. In comparison to other Canadian provinces, this puts Quebec's economic performance at an above average level for the first year of the pandemic. The next year witnessed myriad other improvements, including further easing of the deficit and real GDP growth by 6%. In the months leading up to the pandemic, Quebec had one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country, hovering around 5%. During the initial period of uncertainty in spring 2020, with the economy effectively shut down, the rate jumped to 17%, the highest it had ever been since records began in 1976. While jobs began to return over the rest of the year, the average unemployment rate for the 2020 year remained well above normal, at 8.9%. Despite additional waves of the virus, the downward trend continued, falling to 6.1% in 2021 and hitting a record low of 3.8% unemployment in November 2022. The extent of the economic impact of the pandemic quickly sparked initiatives to promote
local purchasing, including the
#OnSeSerreLesCoudes ("We stick together") social media campaign. The Quebec government launched its own initiative, the
Panier Bleu, which is a website that lists Quebecois retailers offering online sales. In October 2022, Panier Bleu became transactional, allowing users to make purchases on the site itself.
Hydro-Québec, a provincial
Crown Corporation, announced that its executives would be renouncing their salary increase for 2020 and that the bonuses for 2019 would be paid later in the year. In addition, Hydro-Quebec donated 125,000 protective masks to the Quebec government.
Government aid On March 16, 2020, the government of Quebec announced financial compensation to workers who had to quarantine after having travelled abroad. The program, named ''Programme d'aide temporaire aux travailleurs touchés par le coronavirus'' (PATT), paid $573 per week for two weeks to eligible workers. On March 19, the
Temporary Concerted Action Program for Businesses (PACTE) was introduced. The program, worth $2.5 billion, offered loans starting at $50,000 to businesses experiencing supply or delivery issues. Two weeks later, the Minister of the Economy,
Pierre Fitzgibbon, announced $150 million in expenditure for an
Emergency aid for small and medium-sized businesses program that aimed to fill the gap left by PACTE and make sure that smaller businesses, who needed loans of less than the minimum of $50,000, did not fall through the cracks. Both aid programs ended in June 2022. On March 20, the government of Quebec announced that interest on student loans would be suspended for the next six months starting on April 1, 2020. This relief measure was later extended until March 31, 2023.
Layoffs On March 15, 2020, the Antonopoulos group — owner of many hotels and restaurants in Old Montreal — announced to its employees that several layoffs were expected. Groupe Sportscene (owner of
sports bar chain La Cage) laid off 2,200 of its 2,500 employees.
Cirque du Soleil announced the temporary layoff of 4,679 employees, representing almost 95% of its workforce. On March 26,
Cogeco Media announced that it would lay off 130 employees, representing a quarter of their workforce. On April 6,
CAE announced the layoff of approximately 2,600 employees, representing just over a quarter of their workforce. Four months into the pandemic, with demand in the aerospace sector still well below normal,
Bombardier announced a layoff of 2,500 workers. Though most layoffs occurred in the private sector, on March 24, the City of Quebec laid off nearly 2,000 employees. On April 4, more than half of municipal workers in
Donnacona were laid off. In Lévis, the city laid off 353 temporary employees for three weeks.
Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures and
L'Ancienne-Lorette also laid off fifty employees. In total, about 210,000 jobs were lost in Quebec in 2020. On March 31, Premier Legault warned of potential shortages of medical supplies within the next week, including
personal protective equipment, and announced that Premier of Ontario
Doug Ford had agreed to divert some of its shipments of medical equipment to the province. The province of
Alberta also announced on April 11 that they would be sending 250,000
N95 masks, 2 million procedural masks, and 15 million gloves to Quebec. On April 2, a salary bonus of 8% to all healthcare professionals on the front line, including paramedics, and a bonus of 4% to the rest of the network's employees was announced by ministers
Christian Dubé and
Danielle McCann. A salary increase of $4.00 per hour was also granted to the 34,000 patient attendants in long-term care homes for a period of 16 weeks. A month later, a further bonus of up to $1,000 per month was given to full-time CHSLD workers. In September 2021, with the healthcare system still reeling from staff shortages, the Quebec government offered a lump-sum of $15,000 to new full-time nurses and $12,000 to former nurses who return to the practice. Existing nurses, meanwhile, could receive up to $18,000. On April 5, the Quebec government began to centralize the purchase of drugs, and sought to find an alternative drug for
propofol, out of fear of a shortage. On May 5, Premier Legault revealed that 11,200 workers in the healthcare system were absent. Two days later, that number had increased to 11,600. Of the workers who were present, only 50% were working full-time. Despite government initiatives to try to entice new and former workers into the profession, staffing shortages continued to be problematic throughout the pandemic; nearly two years after its onset, an estimated 20,000 healthcare workers were missing. Indeed, a survey by
Statistics Canada, conducted from September 2021 to November 2021, revealed that 12.7% of healthcare workers in Quebec wanted to leave their "current job" within the next two years, with nurses being the most likely to report intention to leave. Nonetheless, the Quebec government began phasing out many of their
prime COVID initiatives in spring 2022, including pay bonuses.
Long-term care facilities As of April 1, 2020, 519
long-term care facilities in Quebec, including both lodging centres for long-term care (, CHSLD) and private seniors' residences (, RPA), had at least one confirmed case of COVID-19. As of April 30, a total of 6603 residents in CHSLDs and RPAs had been infected. Nearly half of Quebec's deaths from the pandemic have occurred in long-term care facilities. The same day, Premier Legault announced that the province would deploy 500 nurses, 450 doctors, and more equipment to long-term care facilities in order to help reduce their burden. There were also reports of neglect and poor living conditions at the facility, with staff having deserted the facility since March 29, and health care workers describing it as being akin to a horror movie or a
concentration camp, due to discovering unhygienic living conditions, and residents neglected for nourishment and personal hygiene. On April 10, Health Minister McCann announced that an investigation would be launched into the facility, which had been placed under provincial trusteeship. Quebec's coroner's office and the
Montreal police are also investigating. That weekend, teams were sent to all 41 private CHSLDs in the province to evaluate their response to the pandemic. On April 12, AELDPQ (an association representing Quebec's private CHSLDs) sent a letter to Minister McCann, accusing the province of breaking promises to increase funding for private CHSLDs, not displaying equal scrutiny towards public facilities, cutting off private facilities' procurement of
personal protective equipment via provincial suppliers, and not providing promised emergency funding for them to purchase PPE (requiring them to cover their own costs). On April 14, Premier Legault announced that Quebec would allow residents of CHSLDs to receive visits from a pre-existing primary caregiver beginning April 16. The same day, the owners of CHSLD Herron sent a letter to Legault accusing CIUSSSOIM of engaging in a
cover-up, claiming that 28 of the deaths reported had actually occurred after the facility was placed under trusteeship on March 29, disputing that they had not allowed them access to health records until April 8, and that "no communication was made to the families of the residents by the representatives of the CIUSSSOIM, despite numerous requests made to that effect by the employees as well as members of the management of the CHLSD Herron." On April 16, the Montreal Regional Director of Public Health, Mylène Drouin, stated that outbreaks of COVID-19 had affected at least 75% of long-term care facilities in the city. Two days later, the
Canadian Armed Forces began to deploy 125 workers — including nurses and other support staff — to assist CHSLDs in managing the outbreak and augmenting staff. On April 22, Premier Legault announced that the province had requested an additional 1,000 workers to "give us more resources to help us with non-medical tasks". On May 5, 2020, Premier Legault announced that some restrictions in uninfected RPAs would be lifted, allowing residents to go for walks unaccompanied and to meet with family outdoors, as long as social distancing measures were being respected. On June 4, 2021, the government announced that more restrictions would be lifted in CHSLDs and RPAs. In green zones, residents will be able to receive 9 visitors. In yellow zones, residents will be able to receive visitors from a single "bubble", usually consisting of one household. On August 26, 2021, the investigation into CHSLD Herron ended with no criminal charges laid. In 2021, an analysis conducted by two economists found that if Quebec had had similar rates of death in long-term care homes as in some European countries, up to 6,700 lives could have been saved.
Travel restrictions in
Gatineau were implemented. As of March 16, the
Montréal–Trudeau International Airport is one of only four airports across the country that is accepting international flights to Canada from outside the
Caribbean,
Mexico, and the
United States. The Quebec government has advised against non-essential interprovincial travel. On March 28, regional access to the regions of
Bas-Saint-Laurent,
Abitibi-Témiscamingue,
Côte-Nord,
Saguenay—Lac-Saint-Jean,
Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine,
Nord-du-Québec,
Nunavik and
Eeyou Istchee have been restricted by police roadblocks and airport controls. On April 1, security checkpoints were implemented in several municipalities in the
Lanaudiere region, the
Laurentians,
La Tuque, and the
Outaouais region (including the
Ontario border), to restrict non-essential travel into the regions.
Justice From March 15, 2020 to June 1, 2020, all hearings before a judicial administrative court were mandated to be held behind closed doors. Visits from members of the public, excluding lawyers, to a
detention facility were also suspended, and a full resumption occurring in the fall. All decisions by the
Rental Board authorizing the repossession of a dwelling or the
eviction of a tenant were suspended from March 15, 2020 to July 6, 2020. On March 16, all appeals to be heard by the Supreme Court of Canada in March, April and May 2020 were postponed to June 2020, just as the hearings convened from March 16 to April 30, 2020, before the Quebec Access to Information Commission were cancelled. Between March 19, 2020 and May 5, 2020, orders made by the Court of Quebec that allowed children of the
Direction de la protection de la jeunesse (child protective services) to maintain physical contact with their biological parents were suspended. On March 20, individuals who served an intermittent sentence were on medical leave, and all deadline to introduce a case in front of the Tribunal administratif du Québec, the Tribunal administratif du travail, the Tribunal administratif des marchés financiers, or the Commission d'accès à l'information were suspended during the pandemic. From March 23 to April 24, 2020, all deadlines for civil procedures were suspended, and only urgent cases were heard before the Quebec Court of Appeal, the Superior Court of Quebec and the Court of Quebec. On April 1, the bar school of the province of Quebec postponed the final evaluation to May 25. The curfew that lasted from January 9, 2021, to May 28, 2021, resulted in more than 20,000 fines, amounting to about $30 million.
Schools On March 11, 2020, Premier Legault recommended that a voluntary 14-day quarantine be imposed on all students and faculty returning from
school trips to countries strongly affected by the pandemic (such as
China and
Italy), even if there are no signs of symptoms. He also cancelled upcoming trips to such locations. The same day, students and staff members from several schools who had recently travelled to Italy were told to stay home.
Collège International Marie de France suspended classes, pending the testing of a student who was suspected to have been infected. On March 13, the
Université de Montréal cancelled all international teaching and research activities until the next school year. On March 13, Quebec ordered the closure of all schools,
CEGEPs, and post-secondary institutions until at least March 27. Daycares were also ordered closed, unless serving the children of health care professionals. On March 15, the government announced that it would offer free emergency childcare services for people working in essential services, with up to 60,000 spots available, using the up to 400 schools that the government had closed. On March 16, the
Université Laval, the
Université de Sherbrooke, and the
École de technologie supérieure transitioned to online classes. and
McGill University on March 30. Université Laval and Université de Sherbrooke established emergency funds for students impacted by the pandemic. On March 22, the school closures were extended to May 1. On April 5, Quebec extended all closures relating to the pandemic through at least May 4. There were calls by the students of the
Université du Québec system for the winter terms to be cancelled outright, with
Trois-Rivières students circulating a petition also requesting that they receive credits without a grade. The province launched a website known as ''L'École Ouverte'' (Open School), which provides a collection of online education resources and activities in French and English. On April 20, Minister of Education
Jean-François Roberge announced that the province's
R score system (typically used by universities to help select CEGEP applicants) would be suspended for the winter semester, so that students are not "unfairly penalized" due to a lack of uniformity in responses and approaches by Quebec's CEGEP's. On April 27, Premier Legault announced that elementary schools and daycares would be allowed to reopen outside of the Montreal area on May 11, and within Montreal on May 18, if cases remain stable. Classes will be limited to 15 students each, and parents will be allowed to choose whether their children may return to classes. Secondary and post-secondary schools will not be re-opened until the next school year, to prevent overcrowding of public transit.
Research On March 21, 2020, the provincial government awarded a $7 million grant to Medicago, a Quebec City-based firm that was developing a
COVID-19 vaccine candidate. On March 23, a team at the
Montreal Heart Institute led by
Jean-Claude Tardif launched a
clinical trial exploring the use of
colchicine to help treat complications of COVID-19. On March 26, the Fonds de Recherche du Québec, and the Génome Québec, established a provincial task force to build a
biobank of COVID-19 samples, led by
McGill University chair Vincent Mooser.
Mila, an
artificial intelligence institute in Montreal, is developing
contact tracing software for mobile phones.
Event cancellations On March 12, 2020, Montreal and Quebec City cancelled their
St. Patrick's Day parades (the former for the first time in its 196-year history). The
Montreal Symphony Orchestra (OSM) cancelled concerts scheduled through May 24, 2020 (including a planned performance at New York City's
Carnegie Hall). In 2022, the OSM cancelled their slate of concerts for January in response to the
Omicron wave. All
Grand Théâtre de Québec shows were cancelled through at least March 29. Various festivals have been cancelled, including the
Festival d'été de Québec,
Les Francos, Metro Metro, Montréal Complètement Cirque, the
Montreal International Jazz Festival, Montreal's
Just for Laughs comedy festival was postponed to late September and early October. The
Montreal Fireworks Festival was also cancelled in 2020, and then returned in a modified, limited capacity format in 2021. On April 7, Montreal ordered the cancellation of all cultural events, festivals, public gatherings, and sporting events through July 2 (resulting in the cancellation of local
Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day and
Canada Day festivities). On April 10, Quebec requested that all cultural events, festivals, and sporting events be cancelled province-wide through at least August 31. and
Major League Soccer suspended their regular seasons, affecting the
Montreal Canadiens and
Montreal Impact. With
Major League Baseball suspending preseason play, the
Toronto Blue Jays' annual preseason series at
Olympic Stadium was also cancelled. The
QMJHL and the remainder of the
Canadian Hockey League scrapped the remainder of the 2019–20 season (including all playoffs and the
Memorial Cup) on March 23. The
2020 World Figure Skating Championships, planned to be hosted by Montreal, were cancelled on March 11. On April 7,
Formula One postponed the
Canadian Grand Prix. In 2021, it was announced that the Grand Prix would be cancelled for a second year in a row. On April 11,
Tennis Canada announced that the women's tournament of the
2020 Rogers Cup would be postponed, pursuant to the request by the provincial government. The men's tournament in Toronto was ultimately postponed in June. Montreal will therefore host the women's tournament (now the
National Bank Open) in 2021. Other provincial sports bodies also suspended activities, including Basketball Québec,
Baseball Québec (baseball activity suspended until at least May 1),
Hockey Québec (including the
Quebec Junior Hockey League, which called off the remainder of the season), and Soccer Québec (activity suspended until at least May 1). Other local events that have faced cancellations include the Tour de l'Île de Montréal, and various footraces. On April 15, 2020, the organizers of the
Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal and
Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec — the two North American events on the
UCI World Tour — stated that the events were still tentatively scheduled for September, but that they would continue monitoring the situation and working with UCI on the matter. The
2020–21 QMJHL season was met with multiple disruptions due to fluctuating public health orders in Quebec and Atlantic Canada, although it completed its regular season, and was the only CHL league to crown a champion (the WHL played a limited regular season within its divisions only, and the OHL did not play due to Ontario public health orders). During the
2020–21 NHL season, all
Montreal Canadiens regular season games were played
behind closed doors and against
Canadian opponents only. During their May 29, 2021 playoff game, the Canadiens became the first Canadian NHL team to admit limited ticketed spectators in the season From August 2020 to July 2021, the Montreal Impact (renamed CF Montreal prior to the
2021 Major League Soccer season) and all other Canadian MLS teams played all matches behind closed doors at sites in the United States. Beginning July 17, the team returned to
Saputo Stadium with reduced capacity.
WWE was scheduled to hold a
house show at
Laval's
Place Bell on December 30, 2021, which would have been the first time WWE performed a show at the venue in two years. The event was postponed to March 6, 2022, due to the restrictions imposed by Minister Dubé in response to the Omicron variant of COVID-19. == Graphs and statistics ==