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2022 Maharashtra political crisis

The 2022 Maharashtra political crisis began on 21 June 2022 in the Indian state of Maharashtra when Eknath Shinde, along with several other MLAs of the Maha Vikas Aghadi (MVA) coalition moved to Surat in the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-governed Gujarat, throwing the coalition into a crisis.

Background
(105), SS (56), NCP (54), INC (44), BVA (3), AIMIM (2), PJP (2), SP (2), KSP (1), PWP (1), SSS (1), RSP (1), JSS (1), CPI(M) (1), MNS (1), Ind. (13) In the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Shiv Sena (SHS) contested the election jointly under the alliance Mahayuti. Indian National Congress (INC) and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) fought under the alliance Maha Aghadi. The incumbent CM from BJP, Devendra Fadnavis denied any such formula had been agreed upon. BJP eventually ended up breaking ties with one of their oldest allies, Shiv Sena. Shiv Sena then declined to support BJP to form the government. The 2019 Maharashtra political crisis ensued. Eventually Shiv Sena joined the Maha Aghadi alliance of INC and NCP to form the Maha Vikas Aghadi (MVA) alliance with a combined seat count of 154 seats where 145 seats were needed for majority. == Cross voting in Rajya Sabha and Legislative Council elections ==
Cross voting in Rajya Sabha and Legislative Council elections
On 10 June 2022, the infighting in the party was highlighted for the first time when BJP won 3 out of 6 seats in the Rajya Sabha elections. On 20 June 2022, out of 10 seats going for Maharashtra Legislative Council elections, Shiv Sena and its allies were expected to win 6 seats, however they only won 5. BJP won the other 5 seats, reportedly due to cross-voting by several Shiv Sena members. == Crisis ==
Crisis
Initial Breakout Immediately after the Legislative council election results, Eknath Shinde, a senior Shiv Sena leader, disappeared and could not be contacted. On 21 June 2022, a meeting was called by Uddhav Thackeray with all his MLAs, but 10-12 MLAs were also unreachable. 11 MLAs of Shiv Sena, led by Shinde, flew to Surat city, in the BJP governed state of Gujarat. Shinde was removed from the post of the Shiv Sena party whip. Shinde removed the word Shiv Sena from his Twitter profile. In his hotel in Surat he had several meetings with the BJP leaders. Shinde required support of 37 MLAs (two-thirds of the total strength of 55) to avoid being disqualified under the Anti-defection laws in India. Stay at Guwahati On 22 June, Shinde said that he had moved 40 legislators to Guwahati, Assam. Several INC and NCP leaders criticized Himanta Biswa Sarma, CM of Assam, for interfering in Maharashtra politics instead of focusing on the massive flood in Assam. Sarma denied the knowledge of Shinde and his stay with the other rebel MLAs in Guwahati. After failing to convince Shinde to return to Mumbai, on 22 June, Uddhav Thackeray, Chief Minister of Maharashtra, declared that he was ready to step down as the leader of the alliance and as Chief Minister. Later that day, Uddhav Thackeray moved from the residence of the CM Varsha to his private residence, Matoshree. Shiv Sena MLA Udaysingh Rajput said that he was offered in cash to join the rebel group but he declined. On 23 June, Shinde and 37 MLAs declared Shinde leader of the Shiv Sena legislature party. On 24 June, Shiv Sena filed a petition against the rebel MLAs and demanded the Deputy speaker Narahari Zirwal of the Maharashtra Assembly to disqualify 16 MLAs of the Shinde camp. Zirwal met with Shiv Sena leaders and later also met with the Advocate General of Maharashtra for legal opinion. Both Thackeray and Shinde camp leaders were asked to present their arguments about the disqualification. A no-confidence motion against Zirwal was brought by two independent MLAs supporting BJP. This no-confidence vote, signed by 34 MLAs was rejected by Zirwal reportedly because the petition was sent through an anonymous e-mail and not submitted by an MLA himself. On the same day, Eknath Shinde, Home minister Amit Shah and former chief minister Devendra Fadnavis met in Vadodara, Gujarat, reportedly to plan a merger or coalition to topple the MVA government. The office of a rebel Shiv Sena leader was allegedly vandalized by members of the Shiv Sena. On 26 June, Eknath Shinde moved to the Supreme Court of India to dispute the rejection of the no-confidence vote against the Deputy speaker, and challenge the disqualification plea against 16 of them. According to Shiv Sena at least 20 MLAs in Shinde's camp were communicating with Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray. Some of them did not support merging the breakaway group with the BJP. Resignation of Uddhav Thackeray On 28 June, Devendra Fadnavis met Governor of Maharashtra Bhagat Singh Koshyari and demanded a motion of no confidence against Uddhav Thackeray. On 29 June, Koshiyari ordered a trust vote motion to be held and the assembly strength of the government be proven by 30 June. Shiv Sena immediately moved to the Supreme court against this order. On the same day, the supreme court refused to stay the no-confidence motion and ordered it to be conducted the next day on 30 June stating that “The floor of the House is the only way to settle all issues.” A few hours later, Uddhav Thackeray resigned from the post of Chief Minister of Maharashtra and said that he will also resign from the Maharashtra Legislative Council after the supreme court decision while addressing on social media. On 17 February 2023, the Electoral Commission allotted the name Shiv Sena and the party symbol of bow and arrow to Eknath Shinde's faction. This officially concluded the political crisis and officially defined Eknath Shinde as the sole leader of Shiv Sena. == Formation of new government ==
Formation of new government
On 30 June, Shinde and Fadnavis staked the claim to form the government and declared Eknath Shinde Chief Minister of Maharashtra. Fadnavis at the press conference declared that the majority party, BJP, would sit out and support the government under Shinde but would not be part of the government. This led to reactions, with the BJP President JP Nadda requesting him to take charge as the Deputy Chief Minister of the state and become part of the government. Later that day Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis took oath as the Chief Minister and Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra respectively. Composition Members of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by their political party (): ==Supreme Court verdict==
Supreme Court verdict
A Supreme Court judgement on 11 May 2023 termed the actions of then Maharashtra governor Bhagat Singh Koshiyari and the assembly Speaker Rahul Narwekar during the crisis as illegal. According to the judgement, the governor called for floor test without receiving any communication from the rebel Shiv Sena MLAs about their withdrawal of support of Uddhav Thackeray government. The court also said that Eknath Shinde faction cannot be labeled as "split" and are liable to be disqualified as MLAs for defection. ==See also==
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