:
For additional lineage and history, see 3rd Wing :
See United States Army Air Service Mexican Border Patrol . It was assigned to the 90th Attack Squadron (1937–40). It is the only A-17A known to exist. The 3rd Group and its successor units have served the United States on a continuing basis since the group's activation as the
Army Surveillance Group on 1 July 1919. In August 1919 the Air Service organized its first seven groups and it became the
1st Surveillance Group. Initially the group used
Airco DH-4B's to patrol
the border from
Brownsville, Texas, to
Nogales, Arizona, as revolution and disorder had broken out in
Mexico, resulting in border violations and the killing of American citizens. In a functional redesignation of Air Service groups, the unit was redesignated as the
3rd Attack Group in 1921. It participated in maneuvers, tested new equipment, experimented with tactics, flew in aerial reviews, patrolled the
United States–Mexico border (1929), and carried
Airmail (1934) flying a wide variety of biplanes (DH-4, XB-1A, GA-1, A-3). On 1 March 1935, the Army Air Corps formed the first centralized control of its combat striking units within the United States under the General Headquarter Air Force. The 3rd Attack Group moved to
Barksdale Field, Louisiana, as part of the 3rd Wing commanded by Col. Gerald Brant, together with the
20th Pursuit Group. Aircraft assigned to the 3rd Attack Group were the
Curtiss A-12 Shrike in 1935 and the
Northrup A-17/A-17A Nomad in 1937. The commander of the 3rd Attack Group,
Lt. Col. Horace Meek Hickam, was killed on 5 November 1934, when the A-12 he was piloting (33–250) crashed while landing at
Fort Crockett, Texas.
Hickam Field was named in his honor. Some A-12s were still at Hickam Field on
7 December 1941, when the Japanese attacked, however, none of the aircraft saw any combat. The A-12 was withdrawn from service soon after. The A-17s were fairly fast and had a fairly heavy forward-firing armament for its time, and during 1938–39 war games it was deemed to be the most effective ground attack aircraft yet devised. However the career of the A-17 with the Army was quite brief. After only three years of service with the Army, the A-17As were declared surplus. In 1940, the unit was redesignated as the
3rd Bombardment Group (Light), being reequipped with the
Douglas B-18 Bolo and
B-12 bombers and moved to
Army Air Base, Savannah, Georgia.
World War II A-20 Havoc of the 89th Squadron, 3rd Attack Group, at the moment it clears a Japanese merchant ship following a successful skip bombing attack. Wewak, New Guinea, March 1944 The 3rd Group served in combat in the
South West Pacific Area from 1 April 1942 until it reached the Philippines, and continued on operations against Japan until the end of the war. It was transferred to Australia early in 1942 as part of the United States Army Forces in Australia under Gen. George H. Brett and later the
Fifth Air Force under Gen. George C. Kenney. On 2 April 1942, Lt. Col. John H. Davies was appointed to command the group, which had been shipped overseas under command of a
first lieutenant and without aircraft. Davies had been in command of the
27th Bomb Group in the Philippines when war broke out, then had become stranded in Australia with 22 of his pilots after attempting to ferry the A-24 dive bombers being shipped to the 27th. These provided a leadership cadre and air crews for the 3rd Group. Their first aircraft acquired were 15
B-25 Mitchells, newly assembled but without crews, which had been shipped to Australia for the
Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force (ML-KNIL). With these the group conducted the first bombing mission ever flown by B-25s, sending six bombers to
Gasmata,
New Britain, on 6 April. Ten staged through Darwin to
Mindanao on 10 April, flying two days of sorties against
Cebu City and
Davao on 12 and 13 April, before returning with passengers being evacuated from the Philippines. While officially designated the
3rd Bombardment Group (Light), the group unofficially styled itself with its historic name, the "3rd Attack Group," after being equipped with low-altitude strafing bombers. Field-modified with .50 caliber machine guns taken from wrecked fighters, these strafing bombers were the brainchild of a former naval aviator serving in the USAAF,
Paul "Pappy" Gunn, the 13th and 90th Squadrons were equipped with its "Dutch" B-25s field modified into the B-25C-1 strafer configuration. The 89th Squadron flew the
Douglas A-20A Havoc attack bomber while the 8th Squadron used the
Douglas A-24 dive bomber until 29 July 1942, but also used the B-25 and A-20. The group had its headquarters in Australia until January 1943, but its squadrons operated from forward locations in
New Guinea, bombing and strafing enemy airfields, supply lines, installations, and shipping as the Allies halted the Japanese drive toward
Port Moresby and drove the enemy back from Buna to Lae. At the end of that campaign, group headquarters moved to New Guinea. For the next year and a half the group continued to serve in the
Southwest Pacific, where it played an important role in the offensives in which the Allies pushed along the northern coast of New Guinea, taking Salamaua, Lae, Hollandia, Wakde, Biak, and Noemfoor. In March 1943 it took part in the
Battle of the Bismarck Sea, which ended Japanese attempts to send convoys to Lae. In August 1943, when Fifth Air Force struck airfields at Wewak to neutralize Japanese airpower that threatened the advance of Allied forces in New Guinea, the group made an attack in the face of intense antiaircraft fire on 17 August, destroyed or damaged many enemy planes, and won a
Distinguished Unit Citation for the mission. In the fall of 1943 the group struck Japanese naval and air power at
Rabaul to support the assaults on
Bougainville and
New Britain. In an attack on shipping at Simpson Harbor, New Britain, on 2 November 1943, the 3rd Group encountered heavy opposition from enemy fighters and from antiaircraft batteries on the ships. In that attack Major
Raymond H. Wilkins, commander of the 8th Squadron, sank two ships before he was shot down as he deliberately drew the fire of a destroyer so that other planes of his squadron could withdraw safely – an action for which Maj Wilkins was posthumously awarded the
Medal of Honor. The group moved to the
Philippines late in 1944. Equipped with A-20s, it bombed and strafed airfields; supported ground forces on
Mindoro,
Luzon, and
Mindanao; attacked industries and railways on
Formosa; and struck shipping along the China coast. The group moved to
Okinawa early in August 1945 and flew some missions to Japan before the war ended. Moved to Japan in September 1945 and, as part of
U.S. Far East Air Forces, became part of the army of occupation.
Korean War Flying
Douglas A-26 Invaders (after 1948, the B-26) the 3rd Wing participated from the first bombing sortie to the last during the
Korean War. The first Americans to die during the Korean War, 1Lt. Remer L. Harding and SSgt. William Goodwin, were assigned to the
13th Bombardment Squadron when they died 28 June 1950 returning from a sortie on the Korean Peninsula. Captain
John S. Walmsley Jr. was posthumously awarded the
Medal of Honor for his actions on 14 September 1951: flying a night mission in a B-26, Capt Walmsley discovered and attacked an enemy supply train, and after exhausting his ammunition he flew at low altitude to direct other aircraft to the same objective; the train was destroyed but Walmsley's plane crashed in the target area. In recognition of the wing's distinguished service, the 3rd Bombardment Wing's was granted the privilege of conducting the last bombing mission over
North Korea minutes before implementation of the ceasefire of 27 July 1953.
Cold War With the war over in Korea, wing returned to the routine of peacetime duty in the
Cold War environment. It remained at
Kunsan Air Base until October 1954, when it moved to
Johnson Air Base, Japan. Beginning in January 1956, the 3rd Bombardment Group converted from the B-26 to the
Martin B-57B Canberra Night Intruder. By August 1956, the Group had become a paper unit, with only one officer and one airman assigned for record purposes. Its squadrons were attached to the 3rd Bombardment Wing, which had assumed its duties. On 25 October 1957, those squadrons were transferred to the wing and the group inactivated.
Post Cold War era In 1991, activated in Alaska after 34 years on the inactive list, and expanded the air defense mission of the 3rd Wing, to include deep interdiction and air-to-air capabilities with the F-15E aircraft. Added an airlift capability in April 1992, using C-130 and C-12 aircraft, providing worldwide combat airdrop, tactical airland, operational support airlift, airlift for theater deployed forces, and resupply of remote Alaskan long-range radar sites. Again expanded its mission in 1993 when it gained E-3B/J aircraft for long-range airborne surveillance, detection, identification, and command and control. Since 1993, mobilized, deployed and employed flying squadrons worldwide to accomplish air superiority, air battle management, air interdiction, counter narcotics, airlift and air sovereignty in support of 3 Wing mission. ==Lineage==