The 54th Indian Brigade started forming in
Mesopotamia from December 1917 as part of the
18th Indian Division, joining the division when it was formed on 24 December 1917. The brigade was formed from
battalions transferred directly from
India so time was needed for them to become acclimatized. It remained with the division for the rest of the war, taking part in the action at
Fat-ha Gorge on the
Little Zab (23–26 October 1918) and the
Battle of Sharqat (28–30 October 1918). At the end of the war, the 18th Division was chosen to form part of the occupation force for Iraq. It took part in the
Iraq Rebellion in 1920. The division, and the brigade, was broken up in the following year. ==Order of battle==