Harvey was born in
Little Rock, Arkansas, the son of George S. Harvey and Jenette McGehee. He matriculated to
Washington and Lee University, where he was awarded a Bachelor's of Arts in 1930. Harvey studied medicine at the
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in
Baltimore, and received his medical degree in 1934. Following graduation, he joined the staff of Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1934, first as intern then as resident. In 1937 he left for England on a fellowship at the National Institute for Medical Research, spending two years working in the laboratory of
Henry H. Dale. He collaborated with
G. Lindor Brown on studies of neuromuscular transmission. Harvey was elected to
The Physiological Society at the age of 28, one of the few foreigners to be so accorded. In 1939, he joined
Detlev W. Bronk at the Johnson Foundation for Biophysics at the
University of Pennsylvania. While there he continued his collaborative work on neuromuscular transmission. On July 1, 1940, Harvey returned to Johns Hopkins as chief resident of the Osler Medical Clinic. In 1941 he was engaged to Elizabeth Baker Treide, a graduate of
Vassar College. They had met when Elizabeth was a third year medical student. The couple were married June 21, 1941, and would have a son and three daughters. Two of the daughters, Jenette and Joan, would go on to practice medicine, while the other two, Elizabeth and George, were awarded Ph.D.'s. The couple moved to
Nashville, Tennessee where Harvey joined the faculty of
Vanderbilt University's Department of Medicine as a resident. While at Vanderbilt, Harvey researched both the pharmacology and physiology of
myasthenia gravis, in partnership with
J. L. Lilienthal, Jr. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, in 1942 Harvey was sent to the
Pacific theater as part of the U.S. war effort. He served as a Major (later Lt. Col.) with the
118th General Hospital in Australian and New Guinea. His work there focused on peripheral nerve injuries. While in New Guinea, he researched the relation of the drug
Atabrine to atypical
lichen planus. This drug was being used to treat
malaria, but in some cases the patients were developing a skin condition. The work by Harvey and his colleagues was the first to demonstrate a connection between the two. Harvey returned from the Pacific in 1945, and as an Army officer was assigned to Johns Hopkins hospital where he was to investigate the effects of the organophosphate
nerve agents developed by the Germans. In December, at the age of 34, Harvey was named physician in chief at Johns Hopkins hospital, taking over from
Warfield T. Longcope. He assumed the chair of medicine at the institution on July 1, 1946. At the age of 34, he was the youngest person appointed to this position, and following the announcement he appeared on the cover of
Time magazine. At Johns Hopkins Hospital, Harvey was the first to develop a research-based school of medicine in the United States. During the 27 years Harvey headed up the hospital, the number of research divisions were expanded from three to eighteen, including the then-unconventional divisions of biomedical engineering, clinical pharmacology and medical genetics. He consulted daily with the resident physician, performed bedside rounds three times a week, and conducted the clinical pathology conference once a week. During March 13-17, 1967, he was the Hugh J. Morgan visiting professor at Vanderbilt. In 1969, former Soviet leader
Nikita Khrushchev invited Harvey to the Soviet Union to examine his daughter, who had
systemic lupus erythematosus. Harvey stepped down from his position at Johns Hopkins in 1973, and was succeeded by
Victor A. McKusick. Harvey spend the remainder of his life on the history of clinical science, publishing several books on the subject. He had a
stroke then died at Johns Hopkins Hospital on May 8, 1998. ==Awards and honors==