Abu Yaqub Yusuf succeeded his father
Abu Yusuf Ya'qub in March 1286, shortly after the latter's expedition to Spain and peace treaty with
Sancho IV of
Castile. The accession was contested by several of his relatives, including his brother, some of whom were backed by and received protection from the
Abdalwadid rulers of the
Kingdom of Tlemcen. In response to this threat, one of Abu Yaqub's first acts was to reach agreement on a fresh treaty with the
Nasrid ruler
Muhammad II of
Granada, ceding all Marinid possessions in Spain, with the exception of
Algeciras,
Tarifa,
Ronda and
Guadix. (Although Guadix would pass over to the Granada later in 1288). In November 1288, Abu Yaqub's own son Abu Amir, hatched a conspiracy to depose him. The plot was soon discovered and stopped, but Abu Amir and his advisers took refuge in the court of the
Abdalwadid ruler Abu Said Othman of
Tlemcen. Abu Yaqub was soon reconciled with his son, but demanded that his fellow conspirators be handed over for justice. Othman refused to release them. A Marinid fleet blockaded Tlemcen through much of 1290, but to little effect. In 1291, the truce with
Sancho IV of
Castile expired, so hostilities in Spain were renewed. While Abu Yaqub was busy against Tlemcen,
Sancho IV conspired with the
Nasrid sultan
Muhammad II of
Granada to seize the three remaining Marinid citadels in Spain - Tarifa, Algeciras and Ronda - for themselves. With Granadine assistance, the Marinid citadel of
Tarifa fell to Sancho IV in October 1292. But Sancho refused to honor his agreement to hand the citadel over to Granada, and instead he decided to keep Tarifa for himself. In response, Muhammad II immediately tried to repair relations with the Marinids. At a meeting in
Tangiers in early 1293, Abu Yaqub agreed to assist Muhammad II in recovering Tarifa from Castile, but on the condition that Tarifa would be turned over to the Marinids, in return for which the Marinids would transfer their claims to Algeciras and Ronda to Granada. As part of the deal, Muhammad II handed over to Abu Yaqub four valuable 7th-century copies of the
Qur'an, which had been drafted by the
Caliph Uthman, which the fleeing
Umayyads had brought from Damascus to
Cordoba back in the 750s and had since been held by the royal treasury of Granada. The estranged Castilian prince Infante Don Juan (uncle of Sancho IV), then in exile, participated in this discussion and agreed to participate in the campaign. Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub undertook his first crossing of the straits in 1293 (or 1294) to lay siege of
Tarifa. But the citadel, held by the Castilian noble
Alonso Perez de Guzman held out. It is said that when Infante Don Juan threatened to kill Guzman's son, whom he was holding prisoner, Guzman's only response was to toss a knife from the walls and ask him to proceed. Around 1294, while still in Spain, Abu Yaqub received word that a revolt had broken out among the Berber
Wattasids of the
Rif, fomented by the
Abdalwadids of
Tlemcen. Plans for the resumption of the siege of Tarifa were shelved, as Abu Yaqub had to spend much of the year dealing with the Rif uprising. The failed siege of Tarifa persuaded the Marinid sultan Abu Yaqub to abandon his plans for conquering territory on the peninsula. In 1295, he formally handed over the last two remaining Marinid citadels,
Algeciras and
Ronda, to
Muhammad II of
Granada.
Siege of Tlemcen The abandonment of his territories in Spain gave Marinid sultan Abu Yaqub a free hand to pursue a war against the
Abdalwadids of
Tlemcen in 1295. Marinid forces moved systematically and slowly along the coast, taking
Taourirt (1295),
Oujda (1296),
Taount and
Nedroma (1298) before finally arriving at
Tlemcen in May 1299. Settling down for a long siege, Abu Yaqub erected a siege camp that turned into a veritable city, known as
al-Mahalla al-Mansura ('Camp of Victory'), with markets, public baths, palaces, and mosques of its own. From here, he conducted the siege against Tlemcen, while dispatching detachments to seize the remaining coastal possessions of the Abdalwadid sultanate, all the way to
Algiers. Nonetheless, the besieged city of Tlemcen refused to fall. The death of the Abdalwadid sultan Othman in 1303 prompted the city to contemplate capitulation, but his successor
Abu Zayyan I rallied the resistance and ensured it continued to hold out. With an eye to relieving the siege, Abdalwadid agents persuaded the new
Nasrid sultan
Muhammad III of
Granada to transport a Marinid pretender, a certain
Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula, to
Ceuta in 1306. Uthman landed with Granadan help and immediately proclaimed himself ruler of Morocco. But the Marinid emir Abu Yaqub, sensing his siege was finally having an effect, and Tlemcen was on the verge of falling, decided to ignore the threat in his rear and press on with the siege. Unchallenged, Uthman's partisans added the neighboring towns of
Asilah,
Larache and much of the
Ghomara region to his cause. On May 1307, the Marinid sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf was assassinated in the Tlemcen siege camp by a
eunuch over an obscure harem affair. He was succeeded by his son (or grandson),
Abu Thabit Amir as
Marinid sultan of
Morocco, who opted to abandon the
siege of Tlemcen and to confront Uthman in Ceuta. Abu Yaqub's twelve years of war against Tlemcen had ended with nothing to show for his efforts. == Sources ==