Occhetto was born in
Turin. He served as secretary of the
Italian Communist Youth Federation, to which he had belonged starting from 1953, from 1963 to 1966. Subsequently, he was the regional secretary of the PCI in Sicily, where he distinguished himself for his war against any kind of
mafia. In 1986, Occhetto was appointed as national coordinator of the PCI and became its secretary in 1988, succeeding
Alessandro Natta. Under his leadership, the party witnessed the collapse of both the
Berlin Wall and the
Soviet Union. He responded by declaring the
Communist state experience over, and persuaded the PCI to dissolve and refound itself as a
democratic socialist party, the PDS. This political shift, known in Italian politics as the
Svolta della Bolognina (the name derives from the celebration of a partisan battle in World War II), during which he announced that the PCI would change its name, logo, and orientation, was accepted by approximately 70% of the members at the 20th National Congress held on 8 February 1991. In 1994, Occhetto challenged and was defeated by
Silvio Berlusconi in the
1994 Italian general election, leading the
Alliance of Progressives; because of this loss, he resigned as party secretary. He returned to politics in the
2004 European Parliament election in Italy, being elected to the
European Parliament on a joint ticket with anti-corruption campaigner
Antonio Di Pietro; he immediately resigned and was replaced by
Giulietto Chiesa. After the
2006 Italian general election, he returned to the European Parliament by taking up one of the seats vacated by an elected deputy, and sat as an Independent member of the
Party of European Socialists group. In 2009, he joined the new left-wing formation
Left Ecology Freedom. He is an atheist. ==Personal life==