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Acyl carrier protein

The acyl carrier protein (ACP), aryl carrier protein (ArCP), and the peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) are a family of protein cofactors that participate in fatty acid (acyl), polyketide, and nonribosomal peptide (peptidyl) biosynthesis. The growing molecule is bound to the A(r)/PCP via a thioester derived from the distal thiol of a 4'-phosphopantetheine (PPant) moiety.

Structure
The A/PCPs are small negatively charged α-helical bundle proteins with a high degree of structural and amino acid similarity. The structures of a number of acyl carrier proteins have been solved using various NMR and crystallography techniques. ==Biosynthesis==
Biosynthesis
The A(r)/PCP is produced by the ribosome in the empty (apo) form. This form cannot function as a carrier protein. Only when acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS) attaches the 4'-phosphopantetheine (PPant) prosthetic group to a serine residue is an active A(r)/PCP produced. The PPant group comes from coenzyme A. == Human proteins ==
Human proteins
Human genes containing a ACP domain include: • AASDHALDH1L1ALDH1L2FASNNDUFAB1 (mtACP) Of these, mtACP is a "type II" ACP. All of these are processed by the human ACPS. ==References==
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