Edelen won election to Kentucky Auditor of Public Accounts on November 8, 2011, defeating Republican John T. Kemper III by a margin of 11.6%. Shortly after his inauguration, Edelen initiated an examination of the former administration of the Kentucky Department of Agriculture. This examination was conducted at the request of the Republican Agriculture Commissioner,
James Comer. The examination found rampant spending abuses and a culture of entitlement. Former commissioner and UK basketball star
Richie Farmer was sentenced to 27 months in prison on federal charges and a year in prison on a state charge based on issues identified in Edelen's report. Edelen also led an effort to reform special districts, which represent a $2.7 billion layer of government. The effort led to a report and the creation of a database with financial information for approximately 1,200 entities, including libraries, fire districts, and health departments. In 2013, Edelen helped shepherd a measure through the legislature to bring more accountability and transparency to the entities. House Bill 1 – as dubbed by the Speaker of the House-passed with broad, bipartisan support. The National State Auditors Association selected the initiative as one of its Excellence in Accountability Award recipients. The leadership of Common Cause KY described the initiative as a significant step for government reform. When private, multibillion-dollar insurance companies took over the state's Medicaid system, Edelen proposed recommendations for the state and managed care organizations (MCOs) to address issues in implementation. The Auditor's office found the managed care companies were not efficiently processing claims to health care providers despite receiving more than 700 million taxpayer dollars. Edelen created a new Medicaid Accountability and Transparency Unit in the Auditor's office to provide real-time oversight over the second-largest expenditure in state government. In 2012, Edelen began examining spending practices in public schools. Special examinations in 15 public school districts found wasteful spending, lack of oversight of superintendent contracts by school boards and other abuses. One exam led to criminal conviction of a former superintendent and more than $500,000 returned to the community. The Kentucky Department of Education began requiring school districts to post superintendent contracts online, aligning with recommendations from Edelen's office. In 2014, Edelen proposed legislation to strengthen Kentucky's cyber security protections and require state and local government to notify citizens if their data is compromised in a data breach. In 2015, Edelen lost his re-election bid to Republican
Mike Harmon. The efforts of Edelen's auditor administration to expose the practice of special districts was a focus of a segment on
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. == Eastern Kentucky solar project ==