At the time of its founding, Adamson was located in
Gaines County, a part of the
Moshulatubbee District of the
Choctaw Nation. Adamson began as a coal-mining camp about the turn of the 20th century. Its population peaked at about 3,500 during World War I, when it had 15 operating mines. The
Rock Island and
Katy railroads both built spurs ito ship the coal. The Rock Island line was abandoned in 1902, while the Katy remained in service until 1950. A 1957 publication reported that Adamson then had about ten houses and two small grocery stores, which catered mostly to people visiting nearby
Eufaula Lake. As of 2014, Anna Benedict reported that there were many families thriving in Adamson. The post office and grocery was no longer there, but a church was flourishing. A few of the original families that used to work in the mines still reside in Adamson with their families. The mines had all been closed and had filled with water. ==Geography==