" and "
Gamal Abdel Nasser" in the 1956
Adloyada parade in
Tel Aviv float at the
Adloyada parade, 1998 The first Adloyada parade was initiated by , a teacher and co-founder of "" (Yiddish for "Noisy Buddies"), and was held in
Tel Aviv during Purim in 1912. This parade was characterized by provocative costumes and pranks. According to several testimonies, the parade of 1912 was very colorful and beautiful. It consisted of giant puppets, a marching band and hundreds of children wearing their Purim costumes. Throughout the years, the parade became a permanent tradition of Purim. These events were held parallel to the famous celebrations that were organized by
Baruch Agadati. Agadati's merriments had become extremely profitable, and so were criticized harshly by "Hevre Trask" for being over commercialized. Tel Aviv's Adloyadas were complemented with luxurious Purim
balls, created by Baruch Agadati. Throughout the years, the parades were expanded and their path was moved from
Herzl Street to
Allenby Street and to
Ibn Gabirol Street upon the establishment of the state of
Israel. During the 1930s, Adloyadas had a specific theme, for example, “10 years of the National Home” (1928) or the
tribes of Israel (in 1934). used Purim to present and to flood the streets with written propaganda. The Gdud documents were distributed during the Purim carnival. In addition, the Gdud held an annual costume competition with the theme of the superiority and importance of the Hebrew language. In the carnival of 1929, the Gdud presented the "tower of
Babylon"; a tower on top of a horse-drawn cart with the slogan "revival of the language, revival of the people" and "words can kill". In the main carnival of 1933, there was a puppet of
Hitler riding a horse, as part of the parade. On its neck there was a sign saying; "kill Jews" and next to it there were two Jews bleeding to death. The German consul in Jerusalem sent a letter to Tel Aviv Mayor
Meir Dizengoff in the matter and demanded an apology, but Dizengoff replied that Purim is a stage for free speech of public opinion. A year later, a huge puppet was presented with a
swastika on its back. In the late sixties, the tradition faded in Tel Aviv and the parade was transferred to
Holon, although it lacked the unrefined feature of events in
Tel Aviv. Some, in particular
haredi leaders disapproved Adloyada seeing them as contrary to the
Torah values, exaggerating "lewd and drunken" misconduct of few. In the last few years, an attempt was made to return to tradition and resume the Adloyada as an important main event in different cities. == Outside of Israel ==