Already in 1985, John Howard's article "The Soviet Union has an administered, not a planned, economy" argued that the common description of the
Soviet-type economic planning as
planned economy is misleading. While central planning did play an important role, the Soviet economy was
de facto characterized by the priority of highly centralized management over planning. Therefore, he writes the correct term would be "centrally managed" rather than "centrally planned" economy. which analyzed the novel of
Alexander Bek, ''
banned in the Soviet Union. It was published in Russian in 1986 with the beginning of perestroika'' and was widely discussed in the society. The term was picked up by
Mikhail Gorbachev, who used the expression "administrative-command system" in his November 2, 1987 speech. The concept was further expounded in Popov's 1990 collection of his essays
Блеск и нищета административной системы [
The Splendors and Miseries of the Administrative System]. == See also ==