Adolph's elder brother
Henry IV succeeded their father. As Duke of Schleswig, he was under the tutelage of the Danish crown due to his minority until 1414. However, then the crown denied Henry's claim to dukedom. Henry and his mother and brothers stood together and fought for his claim. During the
Danish-Holstein-Hanseatic war Henry was killed in action beleaguering
Flensburg on 28 May 1427. Adolph and his younger brother
Gerhard VII then succeeded Henry as Counts of Holstein-Rendsburg, continuing their efforts to receive the Duchy of Schleswig. However, Gerhard died in 1433 in
Emmerich upon Rhine. In July 1435 Adolph and the Danish King
Eric of Pomerania concluded the second
Treaty of Vordingborg at
Vordingborg Castle, confirming Adolph's de facto holdings in Schleswig duchy. In 1439, the new Danish King
Christopher III acquired the loyalty of Adolph by granting him the entire Duchy of Schleswig as a hereditary Danish fief. Adolph's lands were located in both sides of the border between Denmark and the
Holy Roman Empire. The current branch of Danish royal house became extinct in 1448 with the death of
Christopher III of Denmark. Adolph was a
cognatic descendant of King
Eric V of Denmark, whose mother
Queen Dowager Margaret Sambiria had obtained a papal confirmation of the right of also female descendancy of
Christopher I of Denmark to succeed to the throne of Denmark. Adolph was also the cognatic descendant of King
Abel of Denmark through his daughter Sophia; Christopher III was the last descendant of King Abel's sons. The throne was offered by the
Rigsråd to Adolph, who as Duke of Schleswig, was the vassal with the biggest holdings in the Danish realm. Adolph, by that time old and childless, declined and supported the candidacy of his own nephew the
Count of Oldenburg who became
Christian I of Denmark. Adolph was married on 5 March 1435, to Margaret of Höllenstein of the German noble family of
Hohnstein. They had one son, who died young. In 1459 Adolph died and left no descendants to inherit. His sisters were the late
Hedvig (), who was married with
Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg and had left children, and the elderly
Ingeborg of Holstein, Abbess of
Vadstena, who lived as a nun and was both unmarried and childless. His brother Gerhard had mixed twins, with the son Henry drowned still young and the daughter Catherine a nun in
Preetz Priory. There were several claimants to Holstein-Rendsburg and Schleswig, since then the Schauenburgs still continued to rule the County of
Holstein-Pinneberg in the male line, and several extinct lines of the family, counts of different parts of Holstein, had left female offspring and their cognatic heirs. Adolph's branch was not genealogically very senior. The representatives of Schleswig and Holstein (nobility and some delegates of the Estates) convened in
Ribe where, on 5 March 1460, the succession was confirmed to
Christian I of Denmark, the eldest nephew of the late Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein-Rendsburg. ==Seal==