ADVANCE Act

The bill passed amid bipartisan support for nuclear energy, which is popular with Democrats as a means to decarbonize electrical generation and with Republicans for jobs and reliable base load electricity. Chairman Tom Carper () of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee called it "a major victory for our climate and American energy security", and ranking member Shelley Moore Capito () described nuclear energy as important to the country. Both praised the bipartisan support for the bill, which passed the Senate 88–2. (The House version passed 393–13. Cost overruns and uncertain permitting times have hindered nuclear development. However, nuclear fission offers a steady complement to intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. == Legislative history ==

The ADVANCE Act was introduced in the Senate on March 30, 2023, by Senator Shelley Moore Capito (). It was co-sponsored by a bipartisan group of senators, which included 9 Democrats, 8 Republicans and 2 Independents. On May 8, 2024, the House of Representatives took up the Fire Grants and Safety Act, which incorporated the provisions of the ADVANCE Act and the Atomic Energy Advancement Act. The House passed the bill with overwhelming support, achieving a vote of 393–13 under a House procedure called “suspension of the rules” which is typically used to pass non-controversial bills. Votes under suspension require a 2/3rds majority. Following the House’s passage, the Senate debated the legislation, which retained the core provisions of the ADVANCE Act. On June 18, 2024, the Senate voted in favor of the bill, with an overwhelming margin of 88–2. On July 9, 2024, President Joe Biden signed the ADVANCE Act into law. == Provisions ==

According to its official summary at Congress.gov, the ADVANCE Act's provisions are intended to support the development and deployment of advanced nuclear fuels in the US and allied countries, restrict enriched uranium imports from Russia and China, remediate contaminated lands, and "establish related requirements". The act includes, • incentives for nuclear technology development and deployment, with prize awards for deployment and reduced fees for licensing • extension through 2045 of the nuclear industry liability limitations in indemnification policy of the Price-Anderson Act • a requirement for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to develop a process for timely nuclear licensing at brownfield sites and improve its licensing capacity for advanced nuclear fuel, hiring staff as necessary • a requirement for the NRC to "coordinate certain international nuclear activities" • authorization for certain foreign entities to receive licenses under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 • authorization for the EPA to assist in remediating certain hazardous abandoned mines on tribal lands The act changes the mission statement of the NRC to "not unnecessarily limit" nuclear power, a change that has drawn criticism. Licensing The ADVANCE Act is intended to cut licensing costs for advanced nuclear reactor technologies, accelerate licensing at certain sites, and create a prize for deployment of next-generation nuclear reactors. The act aims to simplify permitting overall, reducing fees and delays. The act requires the NRC to report ways to streamline and quicken environmental reviews for reactors. The act is intended to accelerate licensing at certain sites, including for additional reactors at existing nuclear power plants and for SMR licensing at former fossil fuel power sites and other brownfield sites, which would include TerraPower's Natrium demonstration plant at PacifiCorp's Naughton coal-fired power station. For next-generation nuclear reactors, the act directs the NRC to lower licensing fees for advanced reactors and improve its capacity to license advanced and accident-tolerant nuclear fuels, with funding granted to hire necessary staff. The act establishes a prize, equal to NRC licensing fees, to be given upon the first advanced reactor permit issued to the Tennessee Valley Authority or a non-federal entity. Foreign exports The act allows the NRC to issue licenses to OECD and Indian entities, where the Atomic Energy Act had prohibited the NRC from issuing licenses to foreign entities. The act also directs the DOE streamline its nuclear export approval process and creates incentives for nuclear technology export. The act authorizes the Department of Commerce and Department of Energy to facilitate public–private financing partnerships for the export of nuclear power technology. == References ==