The Akademische Fliegergruppe of the Technical University of Darmstadt (
Akaflieg Darmstadt) was first formed in 1921. It was, and is, a group of aeronautical students who design and construct aircraft as part of their studies and with the help and encouragement of their University. Before the Cirrus their sailplanes designs, whilst often advanced, had all been constructed from wood and fabric. It was well known that high performance required large
lift to drag ratios, and that these were obtained by using high aspect ratio wings. The 20 m (65 ft 7 in)
span wings of the Cirrus had an aspect ratio of 33.6, the highest of any aircraft built at the time, and such slender structures could not be built entirely from wood. Instead, a single, wide, tapering
duralumin spar was built up out of corrugated sheets, with upper and lower skins that formed about one third of each wing surface at the root and more at the
tip. Ahead and aft of the spar the wing profile was shaped with wooden ribs and
plywood skinned. It was straight tapered in plan, constructed from an inner 10 m (32 ft 10 in) centre section and two outer panels each 5 m (16 ft 5 in) long, with a high taper ratio of 4 and with squared off tips. Strongly tapered wings have a
lift distribution which falls rapidly along the span, so the
angle of incidence of the wings of the Cirrus initially increased along the span (
wash-in), then decreased towards the tips (
wash-out), producing a better approximation of the lift distribution to that of the aerodynamically ideal
elliptical wing. The outer panels had
ailerons along the whole of their trailing edges, and the inner section similarly carried
flaps. The ailerons were of the
differential type and were interconnected to the rudder to simplify
yaw correction. Mid-chord
spoilers were fitted on the centre section. Apart from its span and aspect ratio, the wing had two other unusual features. A combination of the then new
NACA profiles used gave the wing more
camber at the tip. Since higher camber
airfoils
stall at greater angles of attack measured from the
zero-lift line, the combination of higher camber and washout means that the stall develops inboard and that the ailerons, on the unstalled outer wing, retain lateral control and can prevent entry into a
spin. This is now a standard sailplane design feature but was new in the 1930s. The other unusual and possibly unique wing feature was that the
dihedral of the outer panels (there was none inboard) could be varied in flight though large angles (+8.5/-4.4). The intention was to investigate the effects of outer wing dihedral on handling. The wing was set on top of the forward fuselage or pod, which ended just aft of the trailing edge. The pilot's seat was ahead of the leading edge, with a canopy that ran back into the wing. The canopy and part of the surrounding upper fuselage was removed for access. There was a shallow landing skid under most of the pod. Take-offs were made from a four-wheeled
dolly, left behind after launch. A slender, light
magnesium alloy (
electron metal) tube ran aft from the top of the pod, carrying the
empennage, which had ply covered fixed surfaces and
fabric covered control surfaces. The horizontal surfaces, set forward of the
fin were straight tapered with rounded tips; the
fin, which extended above and below the boom carried a large, almost semi-circular
rudder. ==Operational history==