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Al Liwa (newspaper)

Al Liwa was a nationalist newspaper which was published in Cairo, Egypt, in the period 1900–1912. It was the first mass circulation newspaper in the country. The paper was founded by Mustafa Kamil Pasha. From its start in 1900 to the death of its founder in 1908, Al Liwa adopted a nationalist political stance. Between 1907 and 1910 it was the official organ of the National Party which was also established by Mustafa Kamil Pasha. The paper adopted a pan-Islamist political stance between 1908 and 1910. Al Liwa was not affiliated with the National Party from 1910 to August 1912 when it was closed down.

History and profile
Mustafa Kamil Pasha launched Al Liwa in 1900 when Al Muayyad, a newspaper in which he published articles, was shut down by the British.{{cite book|editor=Henry Louis Gates|display-editors=et. al.|title=Dictionary of African Biography Kamil's articles published in the paper mostly contained his call to resist British existence in Egypt.{{cite book|author=Majid Salman Hussain|title=British Policy and the Nationalist Movement in Egypt, 1914-1924: A political study|publisher=De Gruyter|year=2020 Kamil established a political party, the National Party (mostly known as Al-Watani party or Patriotic Party), in Alexandria on 22 October 1907, and Al Liwa became its official organ.{{Cite book|author=Fawaz A. Gerges|isbn=978-1-4008-9007-1|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/64675|title=Making the Arab world: Nasser, Qutb, and the clash that shaped the Middle East|year=2018 Jawish published articles in the paper, criticising the Khedive and his Coptic Prime Minister Boutros Ghali.{{cite journal|author=Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.|title=The Butrus Ghali Family|journal=Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt|year=1993|volume=30|doi=10.2307/40000236 ==References==
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