ALD-52

ALD-52 was long thought to be a readily converted prodrug of LSD. ALD-52 was clinically studied and found to produce psychedelic effects similar to those of LSD itself and to closely match the time–course of LSD in terms of onset and duration. However, in one study, it was claimed that ALD-52 seemed to modify cognition and body image to a greater extent than LSD. Both LSD and ALD-52 were reported to be active at doses of 0.5 to 1μg/kg orally (35–70μg for a 70-kg person). In other publications however, he gave a dose range of 100 to 200μg orally. A few different individual accounts of the effects of ALD-52 were described by Shulgin. One account found that there was less visual distortion than with LSD, that there was seemingly less anxiety than with LSD, and that it was somewhat less potent than LSD. Another claimed that it was more effective than LSD in increasing blood pressure. One account could not tell ALD-52 and LSD apart. Per Shulgin, if ALD-52 is a readily converted prodrug of LSD, then they should be equivalent in all regards (aside from a slight difference in potency). == Interactions ==

Pharmacodynamics ALD-52 is a readily converted prodrug of LSD and hence has similar pharmacology to LSD. The receptor interactions of ALD-52 have been studied. It also showed markedly reduced activational potency and efficacy at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor relative to LSD, whereas agonistic activity at the serotonin 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors was lost entirely. It was subsequently suggested that this could be due to species differences in the metabolism of ALD-52. However, later research found that ALD-52 does indeed produce the head-twitch response in mice and that the earlier findings were erroneous. ALD-52 had about 45% of the molar potency of LSD in inducing the head-twitch response, whereas 1P-LSD had about 38%, 1V-LSD 36%, and 1cP-LSD 31% of the molar potency of LSD in this assay. Pharmacokinetics The preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ALD-52 have been studied. A large percentage of the total dose of both ALD-52 and 1P-LSD is metabolized into LSD in rodents. Circulating levels of LSD following subcutaneous injection in rodents are virtually identical with administration of ALD-52 and 1P-LSD. The formation of LSD from ALD-52 could be largely blocked by the strong cytochrome P450 inhibitor ketoconazole in a human liver enzyme system in vitro, with CYP3A4 specifically appearing to be responsible for ALD-52 deacetylation into LSD. ==Chemistry==

ALD-52, also known as 1-acetyl-N,N-diethyllysergamide or as 1-acetyl-LSD (1A-LSD), is a substituted lysergamide and a 1-acyl derivative of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; N,N-diethyllysergamide), more specifically the 1-acetyl analogue of LSD. Properties The chemical stability of ALD-52 has been studied and described. ==History==

ALD-52 was first synthesized and described in the scientific literature by Albert Hofmann and Franz Troxler at Sandoz in 1957. The properties and effects of ALD-52 were studied and reported in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The LSD manufacturers Tim Scully and Nick Sand once claimed that the "Orange Sunshine" LSD they distributed during the 1967 Summer of Love in the United States was actually ALD-52 rather than LSD. More specifically, they had been apprehended by law enforcement in 1973 and the pair argued in court that same year that they had distributed ALD-52 rather than LSD. ALD-52 was one of the earliest 1-acyllysergamides to be described. ALD-52 itself was first definitely encountered as a novel designer drug in Europe in 2016. The detection of 1P-LSD slightly preceded that of ALD-52, having been first encountered in 2015. ALD-52 was thought to act as a prodrug of LSD since at least the 1960s. However, this was not definitely confirmed until formal studies were done in the 2010s and 2020s. ==Society and culture==

Legal status Austria ALD-52 is technically not illegal but it may fall in the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich) as an analogue of LSD. Canada ALD-52 is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025. Denmark ALD-52 is not listed as an illegal substance in Denmark as of April 2019, and its chemical class 'lysergamide' is not banned under the Analogue Act (some LSD analogues are, however, prohibited). Finland ALD-52 is labeled a controlled psychoactive substance in Finland as of 2014. Germany ALD-52 is controlled under the NpSG as of July 18, 2019. Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized. Latvia ALD-52 is illegal in Latvia. Although it is not officially scheduled, it is controlled as an LSD structural analog due to an amendment made on June 1, 2015. Romania ALD-52 is illegal to produce or sell in Romania. It is not included directly in the list of controlled substances, but it is included in an analogue act. However, it is not, as of yet, classified as illegal to use. Singapore ALD-52 is a class A controlled drug, and is illegal to traffic, manufacture, import, export, possess, or consume in Singapore as of December 1, 2019, punishable with a minimum of five years' imprisonment and five strokes of the cane. Switzerland Since March 2018, ALD-52 is illegal in Switzerland and has been put in the RS 812.121.11. United Kingdom On June 10, 2014, the UK Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) recommended that ALD-52 be specifically named in the UK Misuse of Drugs Act as a class A drug despite not identifying it as ever having been sold or any harm associated with its use. The UK Home office accepted this advice and announced a ban of the substance to be enacted on 6 January 2015 as part of The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2014. United States ALD-52 is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analogue of LSD, a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act however. As such, the sale for human consumption or the use for illicit non-medical or scientific use could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analogue Act, though is legal for other uses such as use in research settings. == See also ==