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Alexander Anderson (Australian politician) (1811–1862), Australian politician and hotelier •
Alexander Anderson (English socialist) (1878–1926), British socialist who helped found the Socialist Party of Great Britain •
Alexander Anderson (provost) (1802–1887), Scottish advocate and politician who was Lord Provost of Aberdeen •
Alexander Anderson (Scottish politician) (1888–1954), Scottish politician, MP for Motherwell •
Alexander James Anderson (1863–1946), Canadian politician, barrister, and lawyer •
Alexander O. Anderson (1794–1869), American politician, U.S. senator from Tennessee ==Science and medicine==