After completing his secondary education at Katsina College in 1927, Aliyu was employed to teach in Niger Middle School. He later became a headmaster. In 1942, he was employed by the Bida Native Authority (N.A) as a Councillor in charge of District Administration of education. Aliyu climbed the career ladder when he went for a course in Local Government in the United Kingdom around 1945. Later, he was a member of the African Conference. In 1952, he returned to the United Kingdom for the Cambridge Conference on Education. He was among the select few who attended the 1953 Constitutional talks, with some top Northerners from Nigerian society, in the United Kingdom. While he was serving in traditional Council of the
Etsu Nupe, Aliyu Mahmud as he was well known was honoured with the
traditional title of
Makama Nupe. In 1955, Aliyu performed the first pilgrimage to Mecca in the company of Sir
Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna Sokoto and other Ministers. A year before that pilgrimage, the Colonial Administration of Sherwood Smith administration appointed Aliyu as the Northern Region's First Minister of Education and Social Welfare in 1952. ==Political career==