1935–1939 construction The exhibition was established on February 17, 1935 as the
All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (VSKhV) (; Vsesoyuznaya selsko-khozyaystvennaya vystavka). An existing site (then known as Ostankino Park, a country territory recently incorporated into the city limits), was approved in August 1935. The master plan by
Vyacheslav Oltarzhevsky was approved in April 1936, and the first show season was announced to begin in July 1937 and was designed as a
"City of Exhibitions" with streets and public spaces, which was very common in the 1930s. However, plans did not materialise, and three weeks before the deadline
Joseph Stalin personally postponed the exhibition by one year (to August 1938). It seemed that this time everything would be ready on time, but again the builders failed to complete their work, and regional authorities failed to select and deliver proper exhibits. Some pavilions and the 1937 entrance gates by Oltarzhevsky were torn down to be replaced with more appropriate structures (most pavilions were criticised for
having no windows). According to Oltarzhevsky's original plan, all of the pavilions were to be constructed from wood. In 1938, a government commission examined the construction and decided that it did not suit the ideological direction of the moment. The exhibition was considered too modest and too temporary. Oltarzhevsky was arrested, together with the Commissar for Agriculture and his staff, and eventually released in 1943. Later, he worked on the
1947-1953 Moscow skyscraper project. As a result, in August 1938
Nikita Khrushchev, addressing the assembled
Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, declared that the site was not ready, and the opening was postponed until August 1939. It finally opened on 1 August 1939, and was open to the public until 25 October. The 1940 and 1941 seasons followed, but following
German invasion in 1941 the exhibition had to be closed until the end of
World War II.
1939 pavilions, as presented in 1950 album and today: Image:Pavillion Kirgizia VDNKh 01.jpg|Pavilion of
Kyrgyzstan Image:Belarus 2-VDNH-101008.jpg|Pavilion of
Belarus Image:Pavillon Uzbekistan 01.jpg|Pavilion of
Uzbekistan Image:Pavillion Karelia VDNKh 01.jpg|Pavilion of
Karelia Image:ВДНХ. Павильон №58 («Украина»).jpg|Pavilion of
Ukraine Image:Pavillion No2 VDNKh 02.jpg|Pavilion of
North Caucasus Image:"утраченный павильон Туркменской ССР на ВСХВ".jpg|Pavilion of
Turkmenistan Image:VDNKh-Armenia.jpg|Pavilion of
Armenia 1948–1959 renovation In October 1948, the State ordered the renewal of the Exhibition, starting with the 1950 season. Again, the opening was postponed more than once; the first post-war season opened in 1954 (still as
Agricultural exhibition). In the 1956 season, the planners set aside an
Industrial area within the main territory; more restructuring and rebuilding followed. In 1959 the park was renamed
Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy (, Vystavka dostizheniy narodnovo khozyaystva) or
ВДНХ/
VDNKh. By 1989 the exhibition had 82 pavilions with an exhibition area of 700,000 square metres. Each pavilion (including the 1939 "regions") had been dedicated to a particular industry or field: the
Engineering Pavilion (1954), the
Space Pavilion (1966), the
Central Industrial Zones Pavilion (1955), the
Atomic Energy Pavilion (1954), the ''People's Education Pavilion
(1954), the Radioelectronics Pavilion
(1958), the Soviet Culture Pavilion'' (1964). During Soviet times, each year VDNKh hosted more than 300 national and international exhibitions and many conferences, seminars and meetings of scientists and industry professionals. The most memorable feature of the exhibition site was the
Worker and Kolkhoz Woman (
Rabochiy i kolkhoznitsa) statue, featuring the gigantic figures of a man and woman holding together the "
hammer and sickle" (symbol of Communism). The sculpture, which reaches 25 meters toward the sky, was designed by
Vera Mukhina and originally crowned the 35-meter-tall Soviet pavilion at the Paris
Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937).
Present day . The
Tupolev Tu-154 (reg. no. SSSR-85005, prod. no. 70M005, 1970 year of production, Model 005) in front of the pavilion was dismantled on September 14, 2008. This Tupolev Tu-154 was used as a flight testbed. Aquarium In 1992, VDNKh was renamed, receiving the new acronym VVC, which remained in use until 2014. It occupies 2,375,000 square metres of which 266,000 square metres are used for indoor exhibits. The territory of VDNKh is greater than that of the Principality of
Monaco and has approximately 400 buildings. Inadequate maintenance of Vera Mukhina's statue caused such disrepair that the statue was disassembled. It was slated to be refurbished and installed on the top of the new pavilion by 2008, but funding shortages lead to dragged-out restoration. It was finally reerected in 2009, now standing atop of a large constructivist pavilion, apparently recreating the original exhibition pavilion from the
1937 World's Fair in Paris that it was designed for. The "VDNKh" (or VVTs) complex still operates including the name of a nearby
subway station and some sights. During winter, VDNKh converts into a main Skating Rink.
Restoration On 14 May 2014 the previous name VDNKh was restored, following an interactive poll. In addition, the mayor of Moscow announced that the
Russian space shuttle, the structural test article - TVA, which was an attraction and restaurant at
Gorky Park in Moscow was to be moved to the VNDKh, to be displayed near the
Vostok rocket in front of the Cosmos hall. It was moved 5–6 July 2014 and re-assembled by 21 July. In September 2018, Sergey Shogurov was appointed as CEO of VDNK. New museum and exhibition spaces were opened, a Landscape Park was created, and objects of cultural heritage were carried out, public electric transport was launched. In 2019, the restoration of the "Fraternity of peoples" and "Stone Flower" fountains was completed. File:Russia-Moscow-VDNH-3.jpg|Central Pavilion File:VDNH joy-wheel.jpg|
Moscow-850 Ferris wheel File:Pavilion_"Agriculture"_Павильон_«Земледелие».jpg|Pavilion "Agriculture" File:Moscow VDNKh Russian SFSR Pavilion asv2018-08.jpg|The Pavilion of Atomic energy File:"вход на ВСХВ 1939 года в 2009 году".jpg|The old entrance gate to the exhibition centre File:Russia-Moscow-VVC-KrugovayaKinopanorama.jpg|Cirkorama theatre File:Центр Космонавтики и Авиации, Москва 20 - Cosmonautics and Aviation Center, Moscow.jpg|The Cosmonautics and Aviation Centre located in the Cosmos pavilion == The site ==