Allocasuarina hystricosa is a dioecious shrub that typically grows to a height of up to . Its branchlets are more or less erect, up to long and slightly scaly, the leaves reduced to erect, scale-like teeth long, arranged in whorls of ten to twelve around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls (the "articles") are mostly long and wide. Male flowers are arranged in
sessile spikes long on older branchlets, the
anthers long. Female cones are sessile and usually oblong to elliptic in outline, long and wide when mature. Male flowers have been observed in February and female flowers in February, April, June and December, and the samaras are reddish-brown to brownish-black and long. This sheoak is similar to
A. scleroclada, but that species has drooping branchlets and slightly longer articles and teeth. ==Taxonomy==