Allstedt is mentioned as the tithable place
Altstedi in
Friesenfeld in the
Hersfeld Tithe Register, created between 881 and 899.
Henry the Fowler signed a charter in Allstedt in the year 935. Allstedt became a
royal court, later an imperial palace. The now-extinct ministerial noble family "von Allstedt" had its ancestral seat here from the 12th century until the mid-14th century. Around 1200, the Wigberti Church was newly built in stone. Allstedt was granted town rights in 1425, and from 1516 the town used a seal.
Thomas Müntzer became
pastor at St. John's Church in 1523. He preached in the
German language. On 13 July 1524, he delivered the "
Sermon to the Princes" in the castle chapel before Duke John and Elector Frederick. A new school was mentioned in 1568, and since 1570, wine-growing yields have been documented. During the
Thirty Years’ War, the soldiers of
Wallenstein,
Tilly, and
Gustavus Adolphus were stationed in Allstedt. In 1681, the
plague struck Allstedt: from May to December, 817 people in the town died. The new St. John’s Church was consecrated in 1765.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe often stayed in Allstedt on state business between 1776 and 1802. At the castle, he wrote, among other things, several acts of his
Iphigenia. The first
Allstedter Wochenblatt newspaper appeared in 1840. Within the
German Empire (1871–1918), Allstedt was part of the
Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. In 1920, Allstedt became an exclave of the state of
Thuringia within the district of
Weimar. A sugar factory was built in 1851, a malt factory in 1885, and a metalworks in 1890. In 1894, Allstedt was connected to the railway network via the Oberröblingen–Allstedt line. In 1899, the town received street lighting with gas lanterns. In 1922, Allstedt was connected to the power grid. On April 11, 1945, Allstedt was bombed by
U.S. Air Forces. Eleven people were killed and significant damage was caused to buildings. Shortly thereafter, American forces entered Allstedt. The master painter Robert Deterra had arranged for white flags to be raised, for which he was sentenced to death by the mayor and local
NSDAP group leader, Conrad Kirst. However, in the chaos of the occupation, Deterra managed to escape and save his life. In July, the
Red Army took over its occupation zone. Denazification began, and the dismantling of factories commenced. Refugees and expellees from the German eastern territories arrived in Allstedt, which was assigned to the district of
Sangerhausen in the
Province of Saxony as of October 1, 1945. Land reform began in 1946. In 1947, Allstedt was flooded by high water. In 1952, construction of a Red Army airfield began. Agricultural collectivization took place in 1960. In 1973, the
Reichsbahn discontinued passenger service between Oberröblingen and Allstedt. The castle was renovated in 1974 and a museum was established. In 2010 Allstedt absorbed 12 former municipalities, that became subdivisions of the town. ==Mayor==