Born in the Austrian city of
Wels, Auer was trained as a compositor. In his leisure moments, he studied French, Italian, English and other languages, in which he underwent an examination in 1835 and 1836 at the
University of Vienna. Auer's early career began in October 1837 with an appointment as professor of Italian at a
gymnasium in
Linz. He acquired fluency in other languages during his travels in Germany, Switzerland, France and England; that trip began in 1839. Auer studied the typographical techniques that he would use when he became director of the printing office of the
Viennese court in 1841. The ornamental typefaces that he implemented allowed greater flexibility in printing, and the enterprise was to become highly successful, meeting the requirements of 500 European dialects (exclusive of those Russian, Turkish and Hebrew) and almost 150 languages of the world. Under his management, the Imperial printing office became one of the largest establishments of its kind in Europe. He remained there until 1868. The first published work on '
nature printing' (German:
Naturselbstdruck) was
The Discovery of the Nature Printing-Process (1853). In this, he detailed the use of actual plant material, rocks and lace, impressed upon lead or into gum, to demonstrate what he saw as a major advance in the productions of botanical works. His intention was to produce 'artistical-scientific objects', while greatly reducing the problems of producing herbaries and other works of natural history. Another illustrator,
Henry Bradbury, began producing work by a similar process after seeing Auer's invention. The interest in the natural sciences, physics and languages was met by publications that included his own works. The various printing processes and an extensive history of the
Staatsdruckerei state printing house itself. Apart from the volumes and plates produced by the nature printing process, he also produced some of the earliest books to incorporate photographs. The publication of
photomicrography is given to be the first. He invented a 'typometrical' system, facilitating the use of a large number of foreign alphabets with ornamental type to be used in printing. This was described in his work
Der polygraphische Apparat der Wiener k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei ("The Polygraphical Apparatus of the Viennese
Imperial–royal Court and State Printer"). Auer's directorship at the Royal and State Printing oversaw many advances in automatic high-speed press,
copperplate press, and new
typographical processes. In Vienna in 1858, Auer patented a
web press that printed newspapers from a continuous roll of paper; the press was developed in the United States by
William Bullock five years later. Auer lectured in languages, and later took up the directorship of the Austrian state's porcelain factory. == Family ==