Since 2004, the company has invested €1 billion in R&D. In 2005, Amadeus was delisted from the Paris, Frankfurt and Madrid stock exchanges when
BC Partners and
Cinven bought their stake from three of the four founding airlines and the rest of the capital floated from institutional and minority shareholders. The transition from distribution system to technology provider was reflected by the change in its corporate name to Amadeus IT Group in 2006. In 2009, Amadeus invested about €257 million in R&D. In September 2014, Air France sold a 3% stake in the firm for $438 million. In November 2017, Amadeus invested in global mapping tech provider AVUXI. ==Vulnerability discovered==