Antonov An-22

. In the late 1950s, the Soviet Union required a large military transport aircraft to supplement the Antonov An-8 and An-12s then entering service. Total production == Variants ==

in Mali, 2016 ;An-22 :Three original prototypes were built at the Antonov facility in Kyiv, with glass nose. ;Amphibious An-22 :An amphibian version of the An-22 was proposed, but did not progress past the scale model phase. ;An-22 :Initial production variant with external start system, 37 built at Tashkent. ;An-22A :Improved variant with air-start capability, modified electrical system, and updated radio and navigation equipment, 28 built at Tashkent. ;An-22PZ :Conversion of two An-22s to carry wing centre sections or outer wings of Antonov An-124 or An-225 externally above fuselage. Fitted with third centreline fin. Several other An-22 variants were projected and constructed by Antonov but never entered serial production, notably a nuclear-powered aircraft and a ballistic missile platform. == Operational history ==

The An-22 was originally built for the Soviet Air Force and Aeroflot (the state airline). Conversion from An-12 in the Air Force began in July 1974. Several Military Transport Aviation units were equipped. The 12th Mginsk Red Banner Military Transport Aviation Division (based at Migalovo) was one of the units which had its three regiments entirely equipped with the An-22s. Another unit that operated it was the 566th Solnechnogorsk Military Transport Aviation Regiment, which used the An-22 from 1970 to 1987. An early use of the An-22 was to deliver Soviet humanitarian aid to Peru in July 1970 following the Ancash earthquake. One An-22 disappeared on 18 July during these relief flights. An-22s were also used to deliver Soviet military aid to Egypt and Syria during the Yom Kippur War in 1973, to Angola in 1975, and to Ethiopia in 1977. The An-22s from Migalovo were used for the initial deployment of the Soviet Airborne Troops (VDV) during the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. One An-22 was shot down at takeoff (probably by an SA-7 missile) near Kabul on 28 October 1984 with about 250 casualties as the aircraft was used as troop carrier. In 1980, one An-22 crashed at Vnukovo Airport while two crashed at Migalovo (in 1992 and 1994). In 1984, military An-22s were used to deliver Mi-8 helicopters to Ethiopia during drought relief operations. In 1986 the aircraft of the 8th Military Air Transport Aviation Regiment from Migalovo were used to deliver materials for the Chernobyl disaster relief operation. During 1987 the An-22s were used to deliver military equipment to Angola. A year later the military An-22s were used to deliver 15,000 tons and 1,000 personnel for the 1988 Armenian earthquake relief operation. The An-22 aircraft were often seen at the Le Bourget Air Show, and in 1988 delivered an engine from the An-124 to the Farnborough Airshow. In late 1980s, the An-22s were used to deliver internal troops to many regional conflicts during and after the breakup of the Soviet Union. In 1995 they deployed the Russian peacekeeping force from the 98th Guards Airborne Division during the Bosnian War. Approximately 45 An-22s remained in service by the mid-1990s, mostly with the Russian Air Force, being slowly replaced by the bigger turbofan-powered Antonov An-124. The remaining An-22s were operated by an independent military transport aviation squadron at Migalovo base in Tver. As of December 2018, six An-22s were listed in service with the 76th Military Transport Air Squadron at Tver, with only three aircraft airworthy. They were then planned to remain in service until 2033. A single civil An-22 (registration number UR-09307) was in service with the Ukrainian Antonov Airlines as of September 26, 2020 but was damaged in 2022 during the initial stages of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Reports in August 2024 indicated that Russia had ceased operating their An-22 aircraft, with Antei RF-09309 being flown to Yekaterinburg to be prepared for a museum display. On 9 December 2025, the last operational An-22 crashed in the Ivanovo region, north-east of Moscow. Seven people onboard were presumed dead. Witnesses on the ground said the plane broke up in midair. == Operators ==

Military Former ; • The Russian Aerospace Forces owns 11 aircraft, none of which are in active service. ; • Soviet Air Force :*8th Military Transport Aviation Regiment :*Other regiments Civil Current ; • Antonov Airlines – a single An-22 (registration number UR-09307) was in service with Antonov Airlines as of September 26, 2020. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine at the Battle of Antonov Airport on February 24, 2022, the aircraft reportedly suffered substantial damage when penetrated by projectiles. Former ; • Air Sofia (leased) == Incidents and accidents ==

As of December 2025, there have been 10 hull losses with a total of 102 fatalities. == Specifications (An-22) ==

A former Ukrainian Air Force AN-22 is on display at the Technik Museum Speyer in Speyer, Germany. == See also ==