The anamniotes are an informal group of vertebrates comprising all fish and amphibians, which lay their eggs in aquatic environments. They are distinguished from the amniotes, which can reproduce on dry land either by laying shelled eggs or by carrying fertilized eggs within the female. Older sources, particularly before the 20th century, may refer to anamniotes as "lower vertebrates" and amniotes as "higher vertebrates", based on the antiquated idea of the evolutionary great chain of being.