Der Graf von Luxemburg premiered at the
Theater an der Wien, Vienna, on 12 November 1909. Otto Storm played René, and Angèle was played by Annie von Ligety who was making her stage debut. It also proved to be the only role she would play—shortly thereafter she married a wealthy financier and retired from the stage. Lehár made various changes to the work over the ensuing years, and the version now preferred, with the first act divided into two scenes and a solo song added for Countess Kokozow in Act 3, originates from the production in Berlin at the
Theater des Volkes on 4 March 1937. Following its Vienna premiere,
Der Graf von Luxemburg was soon performed internationally. It premiered in Germany at Berlin's Neues Operettenhaus on 23 December 1909 and in Hungary a month later as
Luxemburg grófja with the libretto translated into Hungarian and adapted by . The Spanish version premiered at the Teatro Eslava in Madrid as
El conde le Luxemburgo in 1910. However, this version was significantly altered from the original. The libretto was adapted and translated by , and the Spanish composer not only rearranged Lehár's music but also added some music of his own. A year later, Lleó collaborated with the composer and two new librettists to create a one-act
zarzuela,
El conde del embudo, even more loosely based on Lehár's original.
Der Graf von Luxemburg arrived in Latin America soon after its premiere thanks to travelling operetta companies from Europe. It received its Uruguayan premiere in 1910 at the
Teatro Solis in
Montevideo performed in the original German and was subsequently performed there for many years, although after the premiere always in either Italian or Spanish translation. A Portuguese company from
Porto performed the work in Portuguese translation as
O conde de Luxemburgo at the
Teatro Amazonas in Brazil in 1913. One of the most successful adaptations of the operetta was
The Count of Luxembourg, an English version by
Basil Hood and
Adrian Ross who had previously adapted
The Merry Widow for English audiences. The Hood and Ross version premiered in London on 20 May 1911 with Lehár conducting and
King George V and
Queen Mary in the audience. It was followed by a
Broadway production in 1912. Hood and Ross had made significant alterations to the original libretto and reduced the work from three acts to two with Lehár adjusting the score accordingly. However, in 1983, the
New Sadler's Wells Opera (which closed in 1989) performed the work in a new translation of the libretto by
Nigel Douglas with song texts by Eric Maschwitz and Douglas. This version in three acts was much more faithful to the original and also included music from Lehár's 1937 definitive version. ==Musical numbers==