Government backbencher Mitchell was first elected in the
1993 federal election, winning a seat that had been held by the
Progressive Conservatives since 1957. At the time, he did not have a strong public profile outside of his riding. The Liberals won a
majority government, and Mitchell entered parliament as a
backbench supporter of Jean Chrétien's government. He chaired a parliamentary task force that examined banking and small business policy in 1994. Its recommendations included a code of conduct for banks regarding small business loans, an
ombudsman to oversee this code of conduct, and a provision allowing entrepreneurs to borrow up to twenty per cent from their
registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs). The proposed code of conduct was intended to facilitate more bank loans to small businesses. In 1996, Mitchell was appointed to another task force that examined the role of the federal government in relation to Canada's disability community. It recommended that the government cancel its plans to wind down assistance programs for disabled people and instead introduce new programs and tax credits. Mitchell argued this investment was necessary to ensure disabled Canadians could enjoy the full rights of citizenship. In the same period, he chaired a standing committee on natural resources with a focus on economic development in rural Canada. He supported construction of
Fenbrook Institution, a medium security prison in Gravenhurst, as a benefit to the local economy.
Minister ;Secretary of State for Parks Mitchell was re-elected in the
1997 federal election against a strong challenge from former general
Lewis MacKenzie, who was running for the Progressive Conservative Party. The Liberals were re-elected with a second majority government nationally, and Mitchell was appointed as
secretary of state for parks in Chrétien's government. This was a ministerial position but not a full cabinet portfolio. Shortly after his appointment, Mitchell announced that Canada's
national parks would not be privatized or commercialized apart from a small number of projects that had already been approved in the previous parliament. He following year, he introduced legislation to create a permanent agency for
Parks Canada. The oversight of national parks had previously shifted among various ministries, and Mitchell argued that the new agency would allow for more and better-managed parks. In April 1998, Mitchell said the Canadian government would block a salvage company's plans to dynamite the wreckage of the
Empress of Ireland ocean liner to recover an estimated one million dollars' worth of
nickel ingots. Over one thousand people were killed when ship sank in the
Saint Lawrence River in 1914, and Mitchell argued the detonation would violate Canada's laws against interference with human remains. Many of the deceased were members of the
Salvation Army, which strongly opposed the detonation plans. Mitchell joined with environmental groups in late 1998 to oppose a bid by the
government of the Northwest Territories, the
Inuvialuit, and the
Toronto-based company
Falconbridge Ltd. to change a proposed boundary of the
Tuktut Nogait National Park and permit nickel mining in the disputed area. Mitchell argued that the change would endanger the local
caribou population and noted that eighty per cent of the nickel find was already located outside of the park's boundaries. A committee of the
Senate of Canada decided against moving the boundary in December 1998. The following year, Mitchell introduced legislation to restrict future development in all national parks and announced the creation of an aboriginal affairs secretariat to assist Parks Canada in matters relating to
First Nations communities. Mitchell supported a
private member's bill introduced by Liberal backbencher
Albina Guarnieri in 1998 to reduce
parole opportunities for criminals convicted of multiple murders. ;Secretary of State for Rural Development In October 1999, Mitchell was reassigned as secretary of state for rural development and secretary of state for
the federal economic development initiative for Northern Ontario (FedNor). In early 2000, he hosted Canada's first national rural conference in
Magog, Quebec. He also introduced thirty-seven million dollars for small and medium-sized businesses in Ontario and new money for advanced grain identification technology in
Manitoba. Re-elected in the
2000 federal election, Mitchell helped formulate a federal loan to prevent bankruptcy at
Algoma Steel in 2001. He later announced the creation of a sixteen-member advisory committee on rural issues at the second national rural conference in
Charlottetown,
Prince Edward Island. In May 2002, Mitchell led a trade delegation to
Atlanta,
Georgia, to promote trade with Northern Ontario. Later in the same year, he promoted increased high-speed internet service for rural Canada and announced a fifteen million dollar plan to support co-operatives. In August 2003, he joined with Chrétien and
Industry Minister Allan Rock to unveil Canada's
Municipal Rural Infrastructure Fund, valued at one billion dollars. ;Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Mitchell supported
Paul Martin's bid to succeed Jean Chrétien as Liberal Party leader in 2003. When Martin replaced Chrétien as prime minister, he promoted Mitchell to a full cabinet position as
Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. Mitchell introduced new self-government legislation for Canadian indigenous communities in January 2004 and said that he would not re-introduce his predecessor's
First Nations Governance Act, which had met with significant opposition from indigenous leaders. Mitchell attended the Martin government's one-day summit with leaders of the
Assembly of First Nations (AFN), the
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, the
Métis National Council, the
Congress of Aboriginal Peoples, and the
Native Women's Association of Canada in April 2004. He indicated that he was willing to fund a housing secretariat that would be operated by the AFN. In early 2004, Mitchell recognized embattled grand chief
James Gabriel and the elected band council as the legitimate authority in
Kanesatake, Quebec. The Kanesatake community was divided into rival factions, and Gabriel was forced to leave the community for his safety after his house was burned down. ;Minister of Agriculture Mitchell was re-elected by a narrower margin in the
2004 federal election, as the Liberals were reduced to a
minority government nationally. Following the election, he was reassigned as the
Minister of Agriculture and Agri-food. He was also appointed as
minister of state for the federal economic development initiative for Northern Ontario in June 2005, after
Joe Comuzzi's resignation. When Mitchell became agriculture minister, the
American border was closed to Canadian cattle due to a case of
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) found in a single Canadian cow in 2003. Mitchell's initial efforts to lift the ban were unsuccessful, and he announced $488 million to aid the ailing sector in September 2004. When other instances of BSE were discovered in early 2005, Mitchell said that a "low level and a declining level" of the disease in older cattle was not surprising, that changes introduced in 1997 would ensure the safety of Canadian beef, and that an organized cull of older animals would be too extreme a reaction. Mitchell announced one billion dollars in aid farm aid in March 2005, primarily in response to the border closure but also to grain harvests affected by frost, drought in the
Prairies, and trade difficulties associated with the higher
Canadian dollar relative to the
American dollar. The border eventually reopened in July 2005. Mitchell subsequently established a beef and cattle advisory group to assist the government on export policy. Mitchell withdrew the government's support for a conference promoting agricultural exports to
Iran in April 2005, following revelations that Canadian journalist
Zahra Kazemi had died from torture in an Iranian prison two years earlier. In early 2005, the
National Farmers Union (NFU) charged that proposed federal legislation would make it difficult for independent farmers to retain seeds from one year to the next and that the government was abandoning its commitment to public plant breeding by closing four experimental research farms. The NFU further argued that these changes would benefit large companies like
Monsanto over Canadian farmers. A representative for Mitchell responded that the government would protect the right of farmers to save their seeds. In response to further criticism, Mitchell announced a moratorium on the farm closures in June 2005. Mitchell spent part of the
2006 federal election participating in previously scheduled
World Trade Organization talks in
Hong Kong on agricultural subsidies. After extended negotiations, Mitchell and
International Trade Minister Jim Peterson announced their support for a tentative deal that would end farm export subsidies while allowing the
Canadian Wheat Board's operations to continue. Mitchell lost to high-profile
Conservative candidate
Tony Clement by only twenty-eight votes in the 2006 election, as the Conservatives won a minority government nationally. ==After career==