The development history of the Anoa started in 2003 as a result of increased military intervention in the
Aceh province. During the military operations, the
Indonesian Army put forward urgent requirements for an
armoured personnel carrier for troop transport.
Pindad responded to this requirement in 2004, with the
APR-1V (
Angkut Personel Ringan) a light 4×4 armoured vehicle based on a commercial
Isuzu truck chassis, 14 vehicles were built by Pindad and were sent to
Aceh for evaluation and combat trials. However, the follow-on orders for another 26 vehicles were cancelled following the
2004 tsunami. Pindad then continued the
APC development program with assistance from the Agency For Assessment and Application of Technology or
BPPT in 2004. The resulted prototype was the
APS-1 (
Angkut Personel Sedang), a 6×4 design that was again based on a commercial
Perkasa truck platform by PT Texmaco. Although it was not selected for production, the experience gained in developing the APS-1 convinced the
Indonesian Army to give Pindad the go-ahead to develop the next generation of APS vehicles, the
APS-2 at a production cost of
IDR 600 million per unit. The APS-2 however, also failed to continue being mass-produced. Together with BPPT in 2006, Pindad started new development of APS-3 from the development data of APS-2 which resulted in a production of the initial 4x4 prototype and followed by a more refined 6x6 prototype. The 6x6 prototype first undergoing testing and trials on the beginning of 2007 and then officially unveiled to the public during Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008 exhibition on November 19, 2008. fitted with
ZF S6HP502 automatic transmission from Germany. The transmission consists of six forward gears and one reverse. The wheels are equipped with run-flat insert type super single 14.00 – R20 tires from
Continental HSO-lineup and hydro-pneumatic controlled disc brake system on all wheels while the drive train of the vehicle comes in 6×6 configuration. The crew enters the front compartment through two side doors. The driver sits on the right side of the vehicle while the vehicle commander sits on the left. The gunner sits behind commander inside the open turret beside the engine. The engine located in the middle (behind the driver), while the remaining space on the left of the engine (behind the commander) are fitted with an open turret for machine gun or automatic grenade launcher. Two additional hatches at the roof of the front compartment provide emergency exits for driver and commander. Two-banks (three each) of smoke grenade projectors were placed slightly behind the front side doors on each side. The window and vision blocks are bullet-proof with the front windows also further protected by armoured shutters, which can be shut entirely, leaving a small observation slit for vision. A total of twelve vision blocks were placed on the Anoas with one on each of the front side door, four on the each side of troop compartment, and two on the hydraulic ramp door. A hydraulic ramp door at the rear provide access to troop compartment, there are also a single built-in door that could be opened manually in case of hydraulic system failures. The crew and mounted infantry both get direct access to the vehicle air-conditioning system. Two inward-facing benches, provide seating for five troops each (ten-troops total). Communications equipment include VHF/FM radios, crew intercom system, and GPS transceiver. Several Anoas were equipped with locally produced
Battlefield Management System (BMS) known as BMS CY-16H, developed and made by PT Hariff Daya Tunggal Engineering (DTE) together with Army Communication Directorate (Dithubad) since 2012. On June 1, 2018, Pindad announced that it had entered into a partnership with Bhukhanvala Industries to research and develop a ceramic-based protection system for the Anoas. In April 2019, Pindad announced that the Anoa 3 or Anoa Desert will be developed and sold to countries with desert terrain.
Anoa 2 The Anoa 2 was officially revealed to the public in Indo Defence & Aerospace 2010. It was seen equipped with small waterjet propellers to swim in shallow water (replaced with additional storage bin for the mass-produced version). Some differences from the first generation of the Anoa include rounded roof hatches and re-positioning of the smoke grenade projectors from the sides of the vehicle to directly in front of the driver and commander hatches, It has STANAG Level 4 protection level.
Badak FSV A prototype of Anoa fire-support version (FSV) using an Alvis AC 90 turret with the Cockerill 90 mm MkIII M-A1 gun was first unveiled at Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008, it was announced that the APS-3 fire-support version would be deployed into the Indonesian Army services by 2010. The final, definitive version of the fire support variant was then unveiled at Indo Defence & Aerospace 2014 known as the
Badak. The Badak featured a new design with all-welded monocoque steel hull with STANAG 4569 Level 3 protection, a new 340 hp power pack located at the front left and the driver now seated on the right side (beside the engine), leaving the remainder of the hull clear for the installation of the turret. The suspension also utilises double wishbone independent suspension (as opposed to torsion bar on the Anoa) for better stability while firing the 90 mm canon. The CMI Defence CSE 90LP two-person turret has a baseline protection of up to STANAG 4569 Level 1 (upgradable to Level 4) and is armed with a 90 mm low-pressure rifled gun. In addition, there is a 7.62mm co-axial machine gun, with another 7.62mm machine gun mounted on the left side of the turret roof for use in the limited air and self-defense roles, and also two-banks (four each) of 76 mm smoke grenade projectors on either side of the turret. PT Pindad signed a contract with Ireland's Timoney Technologies during IDEX 2017 at Abu Dhabi, UAE for a customised Timoney modular drive-line, transfer case, and steering system to upgrade the Badak 6×6 fire support vehicle drive train.
Armament The baseline vehicle is fitted with a small manually operated open turret on the left of the vehicle and armed with a
12.7 mm heavy machine gun, 7.62 mm
general purpose machine gun, or a 40 mm
automatic grenade launcher and also 2×3 66 mm smoke grenade projectors. There is one rear-facing 5.56 mm
light machine gun mounting in front of right roof hatch in troop compartments for mounted infantry use. In Indo Defence & Aerospace 2010, the Anoa 2 was shown to the public with a RCWS installed. ==Variants==