There are several specific terms and processes related to anthroponymy, like: •
anthroponymization, a process when an anthroponym is formed from an
apellative, like when a surname is created from the name of ones occupation, thus forming an
occupational surname. Such surnames are common in most languages, including English:
Smith (from
smith),
Miller (from
miller),
Thatcher (from
thatcher),
Shepherd (from
shepherd), or
Potter (from
potter). •
deanthroponymization, a process when an anthroponym becomes an
apellative, like when the surname of the inventor
Louis Braille was used to create a name for the writing system for visually impaired persons (
braille). •
transonymization of anthroponyms into
toponyms, a process when a human proper name is used to form a
toponym (proper name of a locality; place name), thus creating an
anthropotoponym, like when the name of
Alexander the Great was used to create several
astionyms (city names), including for the newly created city of
Alexandria in ancient
Hellenistic Egypt, or when the surname of
Christopher Columbus was used to create several
choronyms (region names), including names for the South American state of
Colombia, and the Canadian province of
British Columbia. •
transonymization of toponyms into anthroponyms, a process when toponyms (place names) are used to form human names (anthroponyms), thus creating various
topoanthroponyms. Many
surnames are created in this way, and they are known as
toponymic surnames. Most
demonyms (names for localized populations) are
topoanthroponyms by formation, since they are usually created from toponyms, and also some
ethnonyms are
topoanthroponyms too (those that are formed from toponyms, and thus referred to as
topoethnonyms). For example, geographic designations for the region of
Black Mountain (
Montenegro) and frontier region of
Ukraina (
Ukraine) were used to create not only demonyms for general populations for those regions, but also ethnonyms for modern
ethnic Montenegrins and
ethnic Ukrainians. ==See also==