Naguib was born in
Samalut,
Egypt. From 1953 to 1958, he studied at the interritual seminary of
Maadi,
Cairo, and then at the
Pontifical Urbaniana College in Rome. He returned to Egypt and was ordained to the
Coptic Catholic priesthood in 1960. After being pastor for a year at Fikryak, Minya, he returned to Rome and obtained
licentiates in theology in 1962 and in scripture in 1964. He was Professor of Sacred Scripture at the Maadi seminary from 1964 to 1977. He worked with a group of scholars to prepare a translation of the New Testament into modern standard Arabic. On 30 March 2006 he was elected Patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts, after Patriarch
Stéphanos II Ghattas retired from that office in March 2006.
Pope Benedict XVI acceded to his appointment on 7 April 2006. In April 2010, Naguib tendered his resignation to the Holy Synod upon reaching the retirement age of 75, but the Holy Synod unanimously refused to accept it and asked him to continue his duties as head of the Coptic Catholic Church. Pope Benedict named him Relator General (recording secretary) of the October 2010 special assembly of the Synod of Bishops for the Middle East, held at the Vatican. Naguib was made a
cardinal patriarch at the
consistory of 20 November 2010; until Maronite Patriarch
Bechara Boutros al-Rahi was made a cardinal on 24 November 2012, Naguib was the only incumbent
Eastern Catholic Patriarch eligible to vote in a
papal conclave. On 29 December 2010, he was named a member of the
Congregation for the Oriental Churches and the
Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People. On 13 October 2011, after attacks by the military against peaceful protesters in
Cairo and reported denials of Christian building permits, Naguib urged fraternity among Egyptians of different faiths and expressed his confidence in the country's transitional government. Naguib suffered a stroke on 31 December 2011. He suffered from partial paralysis and had difficulty speaking. Although Naguib's health improved slowly with the help of physiotherapy, he had to undergo further brain surgery. He resigned as Patriarch on 15 January 2013 and was succeeded by Kyrillos William, Bishop of Assiut. Naguib was one of the cardinal electors at the
2013 conclave that elected
Pope Francis. During the procession and oath taking prior to the doors being shut, Naguib was bareheaded and wore predominantly black vestments proper to the Coptic Catholic Church since he was one of the four cardinal-electors during that conclave who were from outside the
Latin Church. The other three cardinal-electors from outside the Latin Church were Maronite Patriarch
Bechara Boutros al-Rahi,
Syro-Malabar Major Archbishop George Alencherry, and
Syro-Malankara Major Archbishop
Baselios Cleemis and they too, wore distinct vestments proper to their respective churches. Naguib died in Cairo following a long illness on 28 March 2022 at the age of 87. ==See also==