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Apophyllite

The name apophyllite refers to a specific group of phyllosilicates, a class of minerals. Originally, the group name referred to a specific mineral, but was redefined in 1978 to stand for a class of minerals of similar chemical makeup that comprise a solid solution series, and includes the members fluorapophyllite-(K), fluorapophyllite-(Na), hydroxyapophyllite-(K). The name apophyllite is derived from the Greek apophyllízo, meaning 'it flakes off', a reference to this class's tendency to flake apart when heated, due to water loss. Exfoliation of apophyllite is also possible by treating it with acids or simply by rubbing it. These minerals are typically found as secondary minerals in vesicles in basalt or other volcanic rocks. A recent change (2008) in the nomenclature system used for this group was approved by the International Mineralogical Association, removing the prefixes from the species names and using suffixes to designate the species. A subsequent nomenclature change approved by the International Mineralogical Association in 2013 renamed the minerals to include both suffixes and prefixes, as shown above.

Structure
Apophyllite has an unusual structure for a phyllosilicate. Whereas most phyllosilicates have a T layer (silica backbone) consisting of interlocked 6-fold rings of silica tetrahedra, with pseudohexagonal symmetry, the T layer in apophyllite consists of interlocked 4-fold and 8-fold rings of silica tetrahedra with true tetragonal symmetry. File:Apophyllite T.png|T layer (silica backbone layer) of apophyllite File:Apophyllite 100.png|Structure of apophyllite viewed in the {100} direction, parallel to layering File:Apophyllite unit cell.png|Unit cell of apophyllite ==Species==
Species
Fluorapophyllite-(K) (formerly fluorapophyllite, apophyllite-(KF)), KCa4Si8O20(F,OH)·8H2O – white, colorless, yellow, green, violet • Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) (formerly hydroxyapophyllite, apophyllite-(KOH)), KCa4Si8O20(OH,F)·8H2O – white, colorless • Fluorapophyllite-(Na) (formerly natroapophyllite, apophyllite-(NaF)), NaCa4Si8O20F·8H2O – brown, yellow, colorless • Fluorapophyllit-(Cs) (new) CsCa4(Si8O20)F·8H2O • Fluorapophyllit-(NH4) (new) NH4Ca4(Si8O20)F⋅8H2O (India) Fluorapophyllite-(K) and stilbite.jpg|Fluorapophyllite-(K) and stilbite Apophyllite-(KF)-66684.jpg|Isolated Fluorapophyllite-(K) cluster on contrasting matrix Hydroxyapophyllite on white background.jpg|Hydroxyapophyllite Natroapophyllite-ind11b.jpg|Fluorapophyllite-(Na) ==See also==
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