Heraklion Archaeological Museum

The museum began in 1883 as a simple collection of antiquities; it was about the time when the Minoan civilization was beginning to be rediscovered, and shortly before the first excavations using proper scientific methods. It was also during the period when Crete was a virtually autonomous part of the Ottoman Empire, after the Pact of Halepa of 1878, later followed by the independent Cretan State (1898-1913), protected by a military occupation by the Great Powers. The political situation helped to keep Cretan finds on the island during a crucial period of discoveries. A dedicated building was constructed from 1904 to 1912 at the instigation of two Cretan archaeologists, Iosif Hatzidakis and Stefanos Xanthoudidis. After three destructive earthquakes in 1926, 1930, and 1935, the museum nearly collapsed. The director of the Heraklion Museum was then Spyridon Marinatos, who made great efforts to find funds and persuade the locals and the central government alike that a new solid building was needed. In 1935, Marinatos succeeded in engaging Patroklos Karantinos to build a sturdy structure that has withstood both natural disasters and the bombing that accompanied the German invasion in 1941. Although the museum was damaged during World War II, the collection survived intact and again became accessible to the public in 1952. A new wing was added in 1964. The Herakleion Archaeological Museum is one of the largest and most important museums in Greece, and among the most important museums in Europe. It houses representative artifacts from all the periods of Cretan prehistory and history, covering a chronological span of over 5,500 years from the Neolithic period to Roman times. The singularly important Minoan collection contains unique examples of Minoan art, many of them true masterpieces. The Heraklion Museum is rightly considered as the museum of Minoan culture par excellence worldwide. The museum is located in the town centre. It was built between 1937 and 1940 by architect Patroklos Karantinos on a site previously occupied by the Roman Catholic monastery of Saint-Francis which was destroyed by earthquake in 1856. The museum's antiseismic building is an important example of modernist architecture and was awarded a Bauhaus commendation. Karantinos applied the principles of modern architecture to the specific needs of a museum by providing good lighting from the skylights above and along the top of the walls, and facilitating the easy flow of large groups of people. He also anticipated future extensions to the museum. The colours and construction materials, such as the veined polychrome marbles, recall certain Minoan wall-paintings which imitate marble revetment. The two-storeyed building has large exhibition spaces, laboratories, a drawing room, a library, offices and a special department, the so-called Scientific Collection, where numerous finds are stored and studied. The museum shop, run by the Archaeological Receipts Fund, sells museum copies, books, postcards and slides. There is also a café. Most of the museum was closed for renovation from 2006 and reopened in May 2013. Four of the museum's exhibits were toppled over and damaged during a magnitude 6.2 earthquake on 22 May 2025. ==Collections==

Room I Covers findings from 6000 BCE to the pre-Palatial period, including: • Neolithic fertility goddess • Vasiliki ware • Stone jars from the island of Mochlos • Miniature clay sculptures Room II Covers findings from 2000 BCE to 1700 BCE in Knossos, Malia and several peak sanctuaries, including: • Kamares ware pottery • Glazed plaques of Minoan houses (aka the "Town Mosaic") • Peak sanctuary figurines Room III • Phaistos Disc • Kamares ware pottery Room IV ''; a goddess or priestess (MM III) Covers findings from 1700 BCE to 1450 BCE, including: • Bull's head rhyton from Knossos • Snake goddess figurines • Tools and weapons, mostly cast in bronze • Cups with Linear A inscriptions Room V Covers findings from 1450 BCE to 1400 BCE, including: • Ancient Egyptian trade objects • Clay model of a house • Examples of a Linear A and Linear B scripts Room VI Covers findings from cemeteries at Knossos, Phaistos and Archanes, including: • Clay figurines • Gold jewellery • Horse burial from a tholos tomb at Archanes Room VII Covers findings from 1700 BCE to 1300 BCE from smaller villas and sacred caves, including: • Bronze double axes • The Harvester Vase • Steatite vases from Hagia Triada • Gold jewelry from Malia Room VIII – Zakros Covers findings from 1700 BCE to 1450 BCE from the palace of Zakros, including: • Rock crystal rhyton • Bull's head rhyton • Pottery with floral and marine motifs Room IX Covers findings from 1700 BCE to 1450 BCE in eastern Crete, including: • Terracotta figurines from Pisokephalo peak sanctuary • Seal stones Room X – Mycenaean Covers findings from 1400 BCE to 1100 BCE, including: • Clay figurines • Clay sculpture of dancers with a lyre player Room XI – Dorian Covers findings from 1100 BCE to 900 BCE during the arrival of the Dorian Greeks, including: • Weapons and tools, mostly of iron • Clay fertility figurines • Votive offerings Room XII Covers findings up to 650 BCE, including: • Pottery decorated with griffins • Artefacts and figurines from Kato Syme Room XIII – Larnakes Minoan larnakes (clay coffins) are on display here. Room XIV – Hall of the Frescoes • Frescoes from Knossos and Hagia Triada • The Hagia Triada sarcophagus Room XV & Room XVI • More frescoes, including the famous "La Parisienne" Room XX – Classical Greek, Greco-Roman Sculptures from Classical Greek and Greco-Roman periods ==Visitor information==

The museum is open April–September, Monday 12–8pm Tuesday–Sunday 8am–7pm, October–March daily 8am–5pm. EU students and senior citizens (65+) can receive a discounted entry. There is air conditioning within the building. Some of the collection cannot be photographed due to publication or another reason. There are usually signs posted nearby the restricted items. ==Notable artifacts==

• Snake Goddess • Phaistos Disc • Arkalochori Axe • Malia Pendant • Hymn to Dictaean Zeus stele ==Gallery==

File:AMI - Stierrhyton.jpg|Minoan rhyton in form of a bull File:Jewellery from Ancient Crete Iraklio Museum.jpg|Minoan jewelry File:Eberzahnhelm Heraklion.jpg|Boar tusk helmet File:Schnittervase 02.jpg|Harvester Vase File:AMI - Isis-Persephone.jpg|Statue of Isis-Persephone holding a sistrum File:Philosophe errant Apollonius-de-Tyane.jpg|A wandering philosopher, commonly associated with Apollonius of Tyana File:AMI - Bronzestatue.jpg|Bronze portrait statue of a youth found in Ierapetra ==Frescos==

File:AMI - Tänzerin.jpg|Fresco fragment of a dancing woman (Knossos, 1600-1450 BC) File:Knossos bull leaping fresco.jpg|Bull leaping fresco(1600-1450 BC) from Knossos palace, acrobats leaping across a bull File:Knossos women fresco.jpg|Ladies in Blue fresco File:Heraklion - Amnissos - Lily fresco.jpg|Lily fresco File:Heraklion - Amnissos - Lily fresco2.jpg|Lily fresco File:Heraklion — Cup bearer fresco.jpg|Cup bearer fresco File:Heraklion — Procession fresco.jpg|Procession fresco File:Heraklion — Sacred grove fresco.jpg|Sacred grove fresco File:Heraklion — Grandstand fresco.jpg|Grandstand fresco File:Heraklion — Blue birds fresco.jpg|Blue birds fresco File:Heraklion — Blue monkeys fresco.jpg|Blue monkeys fresco File:Heraklion — Dolphin fresco.jpg|Dolphin fresco File:Knossos_—_Saffron_Gatherer.jpg|Saffron Gatherer fresco File:Knossos — Saffron Gatherer main.jpg|Saffron Gatherer fresco File:Knossos_—_Olive_tree_fresco.jpg|Olive tree fresco File:Knossos — Olive tree fresco blue.jpg|Olive tree fresco File:Knossos_—_Throne_room_grass_fresco.jpg|Knossos throne room grass fresco File:Heraklion — Ornaments.jpg|Figure of eight shields fresco File:Knossos_—_Prince_of_the_Lilies.jpg|Prince of the Lilies The Epiphany Cycle File:Epiphany cycle — THE RING OF MINOS.jpg|The ring of Minos. Knossos, 1450–1400 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — boat with a seahorse.jpg|A boat carrying a seated female figure and a stepped shrine. Mochlos, 1450 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — a male figure embracing a baetyl.jpg|A male figure embracing a baetyl. Knossos, Sellopoulo, 1400–1375 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — Sacred Conversation.jpg|A Sacred Conversation. Poros, 1500–1450 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — griffin.jpg|A ring with a female figure and a griffin. Archanes, Phourni, 1700–1450 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — building on a mountain.jpg|A shrine on a hill. Poros, 1500–1450 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — a female figure in front of a tree.jpg|A female figure hovering in front of a tree. Gournia, 1600–1300 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — tree and baetyl cult.jpg|Tree and baetyl worship. Phaistos, Kalivia, 1500–1450 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — among insects.jpg|A goddess or a priestess among insects. Archanes, Phourni, 1700–1450 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — dancing.jpg|Women dancing. Knossos, Isopata, 1500–1450 BC. File:Epiphany cycle — seated goddess.jpg|A seated goddess, a worshipper and a monkey. Phaistos, Kalivia, 1500–1450 BC. ==See also==